鱼类嗅觉神经行为在海洋生态毒理学研究中的应用和展望

Application and prospects of fish olfactory neurobehavior in marine ecotoxicology

鱼类可通过嗅觉系统感知水环境中极微量的化学物质,获取重要的环境信息,从而调节觅食、求偶、迁徙和躲避敌害等多种生命行为。因其对污染物的高敏感性,鱼类嗅觉神经行为可作为一个理想的毒性终点。将鱼类嗅觉神经行为应用于海洋生态毒理学研究,有助于深化对海洋环境中低浓度污染物生态风险的认知,为海水水质基准的制定提供科学依据。本文浅述鱼类嗅觉系统和嗅觉功能的分子神经过程,总结鱼类嗅觉神经行为在生态毒理学领域应用的现状,并对研究前景作了展望。

Fish can obtain important environmental information in the water by perceiving chemicals at minute amounts using their olfactory system,and thereby adjust various life behaviors including predation,courtship,migration and avoiding predators.Fish olfactory neurobehavior is an ideal toxicological endpoint due to its sensitivity to pollutants and ecological importance.Applying fish olfactory neurobehavior to marine ecotoxicology studies will deepen our understanding of the ecological risks of marine pollutants and provide scientific bases for the formulation of marine water quality criteria.This article briefly describes the olfactory system and the molecular neural processes of olfaction in fish and summarizes the current application and prospects of fish olfactory neurobehavior in the field of ecotoxicology.