日本雅乐《太平乐》的缘起与流变

Origin and Evolution of Japanese Gagaku Taiheiraku

日本雅乐《太平乐》常用于天皇即位礼等重要庆典,具有十分重要的礼乐意义。《太平乐》的流变过程可以划分为传入期(9世纪以前)、过渡期(9世纪至16世纪)和稳定期(16世纪以降)三个阶段,其舞曲来源可能与《贺朝欢》《破阵乐》等唐代乐舞有关。不过,唐代乐舞东传后,逐渐内化于日本的政治环境与文化传统,发生了较为明显的变化。因此,在研究雅乐时不能过于倚重本事,而忽视流变,需要仔细辨析其与唐代乐舞的关系。

The Japanese Gagaku Taiheiraku is often performed on important occasions such as the emperors’enthronement ceremonies and is of great ritual significance.The evolution of Taiheiraku can be divided into three stages:the introduction period(before the 9th century),the transition period(from the 9th century to the 16th century),and the stable period(from the sixteenth century onward).The origin of Gagaku Taiheiraku may be related to the music and dance of the Tang Dynasty,such as Hechaohuan and Pozhenyue.However,the music and dance of the Tang Dynasty underwent obvious changes after it was introduced to Japan,reflecting Japan’s acceptance of foreign culture.Therefore,this paper emphasizes that we should not rely too much on Japanese Gagaku itself and neglect its evolution.It is necessary to analyze the relationship between Japanese Gagaku and the music and dance of the Tang Dynasty.