“文化外交”视野下的新中国舞蹈国际影响力研究(1949—1966年)

International Influence of Chinese Dance from the Perspective of“Cultural Diplomacy”(1949—1966)

“文化外交”是新中国外交的重要策略之一,它具有双向性、柔和性、长期性和软约束力等特点,有利于促进国家和地区之间的理解、交流与合作,更能为新中国缓解紧张局势,在国家之间建立对话与信任。舞蹈艺术作为我国“文化外交”的重要组成部分,围绕着新中国外交的三条主线:首先,与苏联和社会主义国家的双向互动中,舞蹈交流巩固了社会主义国家之间的同盟,通过在世界青年联欢节上摘金夺银的舞蹈作品,树立良好的国家形象。其次,面对亚非拉第三世界国家,舞蹈以“文化合作”的方式形成具有国际化色彩的“东方歌舞”,在彼此理解的文化认同中,增进中国与亚非拉国家的信任。第三,这个时期中国舞蹈通过“文化建构”向资本主义国家树立新中国形象,成为与资本主义国家文化交流的窗口之一。1949-1966年,在“文化外交”的语境下,新中国舞蹈以“文化的形态”,担负着“政治的使命”。在国际交往中,舞蹈为树立国家形象、获得文化认同、建构文化共识等方面,做出突出的贡献。

Cultural diplomacy has been one of the key strategies of foreign policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Characterized by its bidirectional interaction,flexibility,long⁃term engagement,and soft power,cultural diplomacy fosters understanding,exchange,and cooperation between nations and regions.It helps alleviate tensions and establish dialogue and trust with other countries.As a vital component of China’s cultural diplomacy,dance features three main diplomatic trajectories of China’s foreign policy.First,dance exchanges solidified the alliance among socialist states through the“bilateral interaction”with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries,and dance performances that won accolades at the World Festival of Youth and Students enhanced China’s national image.Second,dance formed an internationalized“oriental song and dance”in the way of“cultural cooperation”.It enhanced mutual understanding and cultural identity,and increased trust between China and countries in Asia,Africa,and Latin America.Third,diplomatic relations with Japan and capitalist countries posed the greatest challenge to China during this period.Chinese dance,through“cultural construction”,improved the perception of capitalist countries towards China.It has become a powerful tool for breaking ice and establishing diplomatic ties with capitalist countries.From 1949 to 1966,in the context of“cultural diplomacy”,Chinese dance took on the“political mission”in the“cultural form”.It made remarkable contributions to shaping national image,achieving cultural identity,and constructing cultural consensus in international exchanges.