公共汽电车财政补贴资金测算方法

Calculation Method of Financial Subsidy for Bus

城市公交具有公益属性,公交企业运营长期存在收支倒挂现象,需要政府给予财政补贴支持。部分城市公交财政补贴资金测算简单直接,且各级财政分担额度缺乏量化依据,对公交行业良性、可持续发展保障不足。为改善这一现象,提出基于成本规制的,考虑服务质量奖惩值和规制利润率的补贴资金测算模型,并提出市、区共担机制条件下,考虑各区公交客运量和财政收入的补贴资金分担额度测算模型。利用提出的模型,以西部某城市作为算例进行补贴资金和各区分担额度测算,研究成果得到了该市市政府及相关部门的高度认可,可为其他城市公交财政补贴资金测算提供参考。

Urban public transportation possesses the nature of social benefits.There has been a long-standing issue of imbalanced revenue and expenditure in the operation of bus enterprises,leading to the need for government financial subsidies.Unfortunately,the calculation of financial subsidies in some cities is simple,and there is a lack of quantitative basis for the allocation of subsidy burdens,which is unable to ensure the healthy development of public transportation.To improve the issue,this paper proposes a subsidy calculation model based on cost regulation of bus enterprises.The method considers service quality reward and punishment mechanism and regulatory profit margin.With the city and district sharing mechanism,this paper also proposes a new model for calculating financial subsidy shared by each district.The model considers bus passenger volume and financial revenue of each district.Using the proposed model,We take a city in the western region as an example to calculate the financial subsidies and each district's sharing amount.The research results were recognized and applied by municipal government and relevant departments in the city.The model can be as a reference for public transport subsidy calculation in other cities.