绿色创新的供应链溢出——基于核心企业与供应商协同发展的视角

The Supply Chain Spillover of Green Innovation:From the Perspective of the Collaborative Development for Core Enterprises and Suppliers

在“双碳”战略目标下,国家对碳排放的关注逐渐从单个企业转向产品全生命周期,积极推动企业打造绿色供应链,需要链上相关企业协同开展绿色创新。本文采用2008—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司的供应链关系数据,检验核心企业绿色创新对供应商绿色创新的影响。研究发现,核心企业绿色创新对供应商绿色创新具有正向溢出效应,其中溢出效应主要体现在供应商绿色发明专利的增加,而对绿色实用新型专利没有显著影响。机制分析表明,核心企业通过信息反馈、提高供应商环境治理水平、缓解供应商融资约束来实现对供应商绿色创新的溢出效应。异质性分析表明,溢出效应在供应商对核心企业依赖度高、核心企业对供应商依赖度低、核心企业属于非重污染行业、供应商所处行业竞争激烈的条件下更加显著。进一步研究发现,核心企业对供应商绿色创新的溢出效应仅存在于一级供应链,未能延伸至更高层级供应链,且这种溢出效应有利于提高供应商的经营绩效。以上研究结论为微观企业打造绿色供应链提供了经验证据,对推动经济绿色低碳发展具有现实意义。

In the context of the“dual carbon”strategic goal,the country’s attention to carbon emissions has gradually shifted from individual enterprises to the whole life cycle of products.The ideal vision of building a green supply chain is that all nodes in the supply chain cooperate with each other and actively carry out green innovation activities to promote the overall development of the supply chain in the direction of low-carbon and green.In reality,the green innovation cycle is long,the risk is high,and the capital demand is large,and suppliers often fall into the dilemma of insufficient resources and innovation willingness due to environmental awareness,technological innovation level and financial strength in green innovation activities,which is not conducive to the construction of a green supply chain.How to break the shackles of suppliers to carry out green innovation activities is a bottleneck that needs to be broken through to build a green supply chain,and it is also a problem that needs to be solved urgently to accelerate the development of a low-carbon economy and green economy and smoothly promote the strategic goal of“double carbon”.This paper uses the supply chain relationship data of A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021 to study whether the green innovation activities of core enterprises have a spillover effect on upstream suppliers.This paper finds that the green innovation of core enterprises has a positive spillover effect on the total number of green innovation patent applications.In order to further explore the spillover effect of core enterprise green innovation on supplier green innovation,this paper subdivides supplier green innovation into supplier green invention innovation and supplier green utility model innovation for regression.The regression results show that the green innovation of core enterprises can promote the increase of green invention and innovation of upstream suppliers,but the green innovation of core enterprises has no significant impact on the green utility model innovation of upstream suppliers.The mechanism analysis shows that core enterprises can achieve spillover to suppliers’green innovation through timely information feedback,requiring suppliers to improve their environmental governance level,and helping suppliers alleviate financing constraints.Further research finds that the spillover effect of green innovation between core enterprises and suppliers only exists in the primary supply chain,and does not extend to the secondary supply chain.In addition,spillovers can improve the business performance of suppliers.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the spillover effect is more significant under the conditions of high dependence of suppliers on core enterprises,low dependence of core enterprises on suppliers,non-heavy pollution industries of core enterprises,and fierce competition in the industry in which suppliers are located.Compared with the existing studies,the possible marginal contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)This paper is based on the perspective of supply chain,rather than focusing only on a single enterprise,and finds that the core enterprises of the supply chain can be used as an external driving force to promote suppliers to carry out green innovation,which expands and enriches the relevant literature on the influencing factors of enterprise green innovation.(2)This paper examines the feedback mechanism,the level of environmental governance mechanism and the mechanism for alleviating financing constraints of core enterprises’green innovation to upstream suppliers,which is helpful to clarify the channels of core enterprises to help solve the green innovation dilemma of upstream suppliers.(3)This paper further studies the impact of green innovation multi-level supply chain spillover effect and core firm-supplier green innovation spillover effect on supplier business performance,and finds that the green innovation spillover effect cannot be extended to the secondary supply chain.The spillover effect of green innovation from core enterprises and suppliers can improve the business performance of suppliers.The further analysis results of this paper reveal the current situation of“emphasizing direct management over indirect management”in China’s green supply chain management,and point out the direction for improving green supply chain management in the future.