司法谦抑背景下的师德失范治理——基于222份裁判文书的实证分析

The Response of Teachers'Moral Governance in a Tendency of Judicial Modesty:An Analysis Based on 222 Judicial Documents

司法是推动立法完善和执法优化的重要力量。裁判文书显示,裁判者在充分尊重立法机关立法权、执法机关执法权和教育机构自治权基础上审慎进行师德裁判,司法谦抑倾向明显。司法谦抑符合现代法治精神,但也造成了师德法律供给与师德治理需要的内在张力,引发教育管理部门和教育机构在师德管理上自由裁量权过大的问题。作为回应,当下师德立法应以比例原则作为内控机制,转变立法思路、立法方法和立法形式,避免重蹈此前教育法律中师德相关条文的“象征性立法”覆辙;师德执法则应尽快完善执法配套措施、改革师德执法体制和优化执法程序,以防范执法机构自由裁量权滥用,保护师生权利,推动师德治理长效机制形成。

Justice is an important force to promote the improvement of legislation and the optimization of law enforcement.The judicial documents show that the judges judge the teachers'ethics on the basis of fully respecting the legislative power of the legislature,the law enforcement power of the law enforcement organ and the autonomy of the educational institution,and the judicial modesty tendency is obvious.The judicial modesty of teachers'ethics conforms to the spirit of modern rule of law,but it also causes the internal tension between the supply of teachers'ethics law and the needs of teachers'ethics governance,as well as the excessive discretion of teachers'ethics management in educational management departments and educational institutions.In response,the current teachers'ethics legislation should take the principle of proportionality as the legislative internal control mechanism,change the legislative thinking,legislative methods and legislative forms,and avoid repeating the"symbolic legislation"of the teachers'ethics provisions in previous education laws.The law enforcement of teachers'ethics should improve the supporting measures for law enforcement,reform the law enforcement system of teachers'ethics and optimize the law enforcement procedures as soon as possible,prevent the abuse of the discretion of law enforcement agencies,protect the rights of teachers and students,and promote the formation of a long-term mechanism for teachers'ethicsgovernance.