项目制背景下社会工作机构的专业话语策略研究——基于B市H社会工作事务所两个项目的案例分析

How do Social Work Organizations Stick to the Bottom Line of Professionalism in the Context of Project System:Discourse Analysis Based on Two Projects of H Social Work Office in City B

社会工作机构在项目制下出现了建制化、劳务公司化等去专业化的问题,但是让人疑惑的问题是作为专业服务机构,社会工作机构是否能够坚持专业底线?如何坚持专业底线?本研究以福柯的话语权力理论和阿伯特的专业管辖权理论为指导,搭建了一个综合的话语分析框架,对B市H社会工作事务所的两个项目进行案例分析。研究发现,社会工作机构面向服务群体建构出一套区别于行政话语的社会工作专业话语体系,在话语实践过程中为服务对象提供新的问题解构思路与解决方法。面对新就业群体的流动风险管理,区别于行政系统的监管策略与惩罚策略,H社会工作事务所实施着兼顾行政监管与专业关顾的话语策略;面向困难群众的救助问题,不同于行政系统“施”与“受”的单向传递,H社会工作事务所采取优势视角和生态视角的助人自助专业话语策略。在这个意义上,社会工作机构通过专业话语策略在有限的权力空间内争取到一定的职业管辖权,坚守住了专业底线。

As China's social management system undergoes reform and innovation,social work has not only gained status and resources but also faces challenges to its professional autonomy due to the government's project-based service purchasing system.On the one hand,this purchasing mechanism provides resources and opportunities for social work organizations;on the other hand,it negatively affects the professional autonomy of social work,making social work organizations unable to give full play to their professional roles.Previous studies have shown that social work agencies have experienced de-professionalization under the project system,such as establishment and labor corporatization,but the question that makes people wonder is whether social work organizations,which are affected by professional factors such as professional leadership,professional licensing and professional supervision,still have professionalism in the process of professional services?If so,how is its professionalism manifested in practice?