露天矿台阶爆破参数优化模型与求解研究

Study on Optimization Model and Solution of Bench Blasting Parameters in Open-pit Mine

在保证露天矿台阶爆破质量的同时,如何快速优化爆破参数达到低钻爆成本是矿山开采面临的一个实际问题。提出了一种新的爆破参数优化方案,首先,结合现场爆破数据,利用最小二乘法得到修正后的Kuz-Ram预测模型;其次,建立了以钻爆成本最小为目标,大块率、爆破方量和爆破参数(最小抵抗线、孔距等)合理取值等为约束的优化模型,并对优化模型进行了等价简化;最后,提出了自动判敛的快速差分进化算法以加速模型求解速度。数值仿真结果展示了优化方案的合理性及求解速度,现场试验结果进一步证明了优化方案的可行性和有效性,即优化后花岗岩爆区大块率减少至2.5%,理论成本降低约2%;赤铁矿爆区大块率减少至0.3%,理论成本降低约15%。

While ensuring the blasting quality of bench blasting in open-pit mines,how to quickly optimize the blasting parameters and obtain a low blasting cost is a challenging issue in open-pit mines.A new optimization scheme is proposed for blasting design.Firstly,the Kuz-Ram prediction model is modified via the least square method on on-site blasting data.Then,a simplified optimization model is presented to minimize blasting cost on constraints of blasting requirements,and reasonable blasting parameters,such as burden,spacing etc.Finally,a fast differential evolution algorithm with auto-stop assessment is developed to speed up optimization processing.The numerical simulation results show the rationality and efficiency of the proposed optimization scheme.The experiments performed on on-site data further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme,i.e.,the boulder rate in the granite explosion area is reduced to 2.5%,and the theoretical cost is reduced by about 2%.The boulder rate in hematite explosion area is reduced to 0.3%,and the theoretical cost is reduced by about 15%.