我国海洋牧场发展现状及典型模式研究

Research on current situation and typical models of marine ranching development in China

海洋牧场对于保护海洋生物资源、改善海洋生态环境、促进海洋经济发展等具有重要的推动作用,同时还有助于提供高质量的动物蛋白、充实“蓝色粮仓”。近年来,通过理顺管理体制机制,加大资金投入,强化海洋装备水平,海洋牧场建设及相关产业不断发展壮大,但仍存在科技水平难以适应风险管理需求、选址缺乏科学规划、产业融合创新不够等问题。从国内外海洋牧场发展情况来看,主要形成了“渔业+”“生态+”“休闲+”“新能源+”等多元化的海洋牧场发展模式,建议完善海洋牧场管护机制,强化政策扶持与保障,推动海洋牧场科技创新,促进产业链条延伸拓展,强化区域合作抱团发展。

Marine ranching plays an important role in protecting marine biological resources,improving marine ecological environment,and promoting marine economic development.At the same time,it also helps to provide high-quality animal protein and enrich the"blue granary".In recent years,by streamlining the management system and mechanism,increasing capital investment,and strengthening the level of marine equipment,the construction of marine ranches and related industries have continuously developed and grown.However,there are problems such as difficulty in adapting to risk management needs with technological level,lack of scientific planning for site selection,and insufficient innovation in industrial integration.From the development of marine ranches both domestically and internationally,diversified development models such as"fishing+","ecology+","leisure+",and"new energy+"have been formed.It is recommended to improve the management and protection mechanism of marine ranches,strengthen policy support and guarantee,promote technological innovation in marine ranches,promote the extension and expansion of the industrial chain,and strengthen regional cooperation and development.