环境中微塑料检测方法的研究进展

Research progress on analytical methods for microplastics in the environment

微塑料是指粒径小于5 mm的塑料碎片或颗粒,能够在大气、土壤和水体中迁移和富集,通过食物链累积,对人体健康产生严重危害.为了更好地评估环境中微塑料的污染,本文详细综述了微塑料检测方法和技术手段的应用现状,包括显微镜分析、扫描电镜能谱分析、光谱分析、热分析和质谱分析等微塑料常用检测方法并对比了各方法的优缺点.总结了近年来微塑料检测的新方法和新技术,重点讨论微塑料检测当前面临的技术挑战和未来的研究方向,对建立统一和标准化的微塑料分析方法进行展望,为系统地和进一步地开展微塑料的污染评价及风险评估提供指导.

Microplastics are plastic fragments or particles with a size smaller than 5 mm,which can migrate and enrich in the atmosphere,soil and water bodies,and then accumulate through the food chain,posing a serious health risk to humans.For the purpose of assessment of the microplastic pollution in the environment,this paper presents a detailed review of the current application of microplastic detection methods and technological tools,i.e.,photomicrography,scanning electron microscopy,spectrometer,thermal and mass spectrometry,and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Summarized new methods and techniques for microplastics detection in recent years and discussed current technical challenges and future research directions for microplastics detection.The establishment of unified and microplastics standardized microplastics analytical methods is prospected and the possible guidance for the systematic and further evaluation and risk assessment of microplastic is provided.