辽宁省鱼类水产品中全氟化合物及其替代品的污染特征与健康风险评估

Contamination characteristics and health risk assessment of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances and alternatives in fish from Liaoning Province

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对辽宁省鱼类水产品中16种全氟化合物(PFASs)及其替代品进行测定,探究其赋存特征及可能的来源,并运用健康风险商值法评估PFASs的潜在健康风险.结果表明,PFASs在辽宁鱼类水产品中普遍检出,特别是替代品—短链全氟烷基羧酸化合物(PFCAs,C4—C7)和氯代多氟醚磺酸(Cl-PFESAs),其检出率范围为83.56%—100%.∑16PFASs含量范围为1.630—3.671 ng·g^(-1);与国内外其它地区相比较,辽宁省鱼类水产品中∑16PFASs污染处于相对较低的水平.全氟丁酸(PFBA)是鱼类水产品肌肉中主要污染物,其次是全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS).不同鱼类中PFASs的含量和组成模式有所差异.基于主成分分析和Spearman相关性发现,辽宁省鱼类水产品中的PFASs主要来源于金属电镀厂、皮革厂、FP化学制造等行业的工业排放和消费品.健康风险评估结果显示,在中高暴露情景下,辽宁省鱼类水产品中的PFASs含量不会对成人和儿童健康存在风险.值得注意的是,6:2 Cl-PFESA对人类健康风险不容忽视.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was used to determine 16 poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and their substitutes in fish from Liaoning Province.The fugitive characteristics and possible sources of PFASs in fish were investigated,and the potential health risk of PFASs was assessed using the health risk quotient method.The results showed that PFASs were frequently detected in fish from Liaoning Province,especially short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs,C4—C7)and chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs),with detection frequencies ranging from 83.56%—100%.The concentrations of∑16PFASs ranged from 1.630—3.671 ng·g^(-1),which were at a relatively low level compared with those reported in fish from other domestic and abroad regions.Perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)was the major contaminant in the muscle of fish,followed by perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS).The concentration and composition patterns of PFASs varied among different fish species.The content and composition distribution of PFASs in different fish were different.It was inferred that PFASs in the fish from Liaoning Province mainly came from consumer products and industrial emissions from metal plating plants,leather,and FP chemical manufacturing industries based on the principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis.Health risk assessment indicated that the levels of PFASs in fish from Liaoning Province did not pose a health risk to adults and children under a medium-high exposure scenario.However,it is worth noting that the human health risk for 6:2 Cl-PFESA should not be neglected.