海勃湾水库2019—2022年排沙调度实践与排沙影响因素研究

Study on the Practice of Reservoir Sediment Regulation in Haibowan Reservoir from 2019 to 2022 and the Influencing Factors of Reservoir Sediment Reduction

水库淤积一直是困扰水库管理部门的难题,科学合理地进行水库调度实现水库高效排沙是解决水库淤积的有效手段。分析黄河海勃湾水库2019—2022年的排沙调度过程,并结合建库以来汛期的进出库水沙资料,开展海勃湾水库高效排沙的相关研究。研究结果表明:2019年、2020年和2022年均实现了水库排沙的目的,2019年基本实现冲淤平衡,而2020年和2022年排沙效果较好;坝前水位是影响海勃湾水库排沙的关键影响因素,入库流量与入库沙量是影响出库沙量的重要影响因子,通过对影响因子的拟合,得到了海勃湾水库排沙经验公式;不同入库水沙条件须搭配不同的调度措施才能实现水库的高效排沙,应通过合理搭配入库水沙条件以及坝前水位,实现水库的高效排沙。

Reservoir sedimentation has always been a problem that troubles the reservoir management department.Scientifically and reasona-bly utilizing reservoir operation methods to achieve efficient sediment reduction in reservoirs is an effective means to solve reservoir sedimenta-tion.This paper analyzed the reservoir sediment regulation of the Haibowan Reservoir on the Yellow River from 2019 to 2022,and combined the inflow and outflow water and sediment data during the flood season since the construction of the reservoir to carry out research on efficient sediment reduction of the Haibowan Reservoir.The research results indicate that:a)the goal of reservoir sediment reduction is achieved in 2019,2020 and 2022,and the balance of erosion and sedimentation is basically achieved in 2019,while the sediment reduction effect is bet-ter in 2020 and 2022.b)The water level in front of the dam is a key factor affecting the sediment reduction of the Haibowan Reservoir,while the inflow water and inflow sediment are secondary factors affecting the outflow sediment volume.By fitting the influencing factors,an empiri-cal formula for sediment reduction from the Haibowan Reservoir is obtained.c)Different combinations of inflow water and sediment require different scheduling measures to achieve efficient sediment reduction in the reservoir.Efficient sediment reduction in the reservoir can only be achieved by reasonably matching the inflow water and sediment conditions and the water level in front of the dam.