当代审美观念的人性缺失与马克思人性观念的审美向度

The Lack of Human Nature in Contemporary Aesthetic Dimension of Marx s Human Nature Concept

审美是人对美的主体回响。现代审美抽象化、商品化的客观事实,物化了人的审美体验,弱化了人的审美批判。在追求人的自由与解放的思想历程中,马克思表达了对完满而丰富的感性人性和自由主体的历史唯物主义建构,并表达了立基于具体人性的审美思想。马克思以审美现代性回应现实的人及其历史发展的逻辑,以审美实践实现人类的全面自由解放。物象化的审美观念提出了现代社会审美的核心问题,资本逻辑主导下的审美则呈现出一种实践与追求的悖反。意向性审美原本就是人性自由与完满的内在特质,但要在历史存在与实践活动中去面对具体人性的逻辑。马克思基于具体人性论的实践性审美逻辑,不仅是以人的现实存在回应了人类审美的难题,更是真实地表达了马克思“人也按照美的规律来塑造”的存在论追求。审美是对象化自己本质、生成自己本质的“现实的历史的人”的美学实践。物象化审美的异化、意向性审美的逃遁让我们真实地认识到,开掘马克思人性观念所蕴含的审美向度,既是马克思哲学回应当代审美困境的思想方向,又是推进审美面向人、回归人的实践选择。

and commoditized objective facts of modern aesthetics materialize human s aesthetic experience and weaken human s aesthetic criticism.In the course of pursuing the freedom and liberation of human beings,Marx expressed the historical materialist construction of the perfect and rich perceptual humanity and the free subject,and expressed the aesthetic thought based on the concrete humanity.Marx responded to the realistic society and modern historical development logic with aesthetic modernity,and realized the comprehensive liberation of human beings with aesthetic practice.The aesthetic concept of materialization puts forward the core problems of modern society s aesthetic.The aesthetic concept led by capital logic presents a contradiction between practice and pursuit.Intentionality aesthetics is originally the inherent characteristics of human freedom and perfection,but it should face the logic of specific human nature from historical existence and practical activities.Marx s practical aesthetic logic based on the theory of concrete human nature not only responds to the difficulties of human aesthetics with the existence of human reality,but also truly expresses Marx s ontological pursuit that“human beings are also shaped according to the law of beauty”.Aesthetics is the aesthetic practice of“realistic historical people”who objectified their own essence and generated their own essence.The dissimilation of materialized aesthetics and the escape of intentionality aesthetics make us realize that exploring the aesthetic dimension implied by Marx s concept of human nature is not only the ideological direction of Marx s philosophy to respond to the contemporary aesthetic dilemma,but also the practical choice of promoting the aesthetic orientation towards and return to people.