我国情报犯罪的刑法立法机制及完善进路

The Legislative Mechanism of Criminal Law of Intelligence Crime in China and its Improvement

完善我国情报犯罪的立法机制不仅是推进全面依法治国的题中应有之义,也是对总体国家安全观的有效回应,对强化情报安全的刑法保障机制具有重要意义。我国《刑法》中情报犯罪的设置未能突出核心法益,规制范围不周延,同时“情报”这一核心构成要件要素不明确。对此,应当以总体国家安全观、严密刑事法网以及贯彻刑法的明确性原则为指导,明确国家安全法益应系情报犯罪的核心保护法益;对非法持有军事秘密的行为进行犯罪化处理,并取消军事秘密犯罪对于主体身份的限制;根据情报行政法律规范,将刑法中的“情报”划分为国家秘密、商业秘密和个人信息三种类型,并将军事秘密作为国家秘密的下位概念。

Improving the legislative mechanism for intelligence crimes in China is not only an essential part of the comprehensive rule of law,but also an effective response to a holistic approach to national security,which is of great significance to the strengthening of the criminal law safeguard mechanism for intelligence security.The establishment of intelligence crimes in Criminal Law fails to emphasize the core legal interests,the scope of regulation is not comprehensive,and the core constituent element of"intelligence"is not clear.In this regard,a holistic approach to national security,the tight criminal law network,and the principle of clarity of criminal law should be used as a guide to clarify that the interests of national security should be the core protection of the legal interests of intelligence crimes;the llegal possession of military secrets should be criminalized,and the restriction on the identity of the subject of military secretcrimes shouldbe abolished;according tothe administrativelegal norms ofintlligence,"inteligence"in criminallaw shouldbe divided into three types:state secrets,business secrets and personal information,and military secrets should be regarded as a subordinate concept of state secrets.