驱虫对放归普氏野马粪便中免疫球蛋白水平的影响

The effect of deworming on the levels of immunoglobulin in the feces of Przewalski horses

依托非损伤取样及ELISA技术,使用伊维菌素对普氏野马进行驱虫,以普氏野马驱虫前后粪便中免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平为检测指标,研究驱虫对普氏野马粪便中免疫球蛋白水平的影响,并探究机体免疫球蛋白水平影响因素。结果显示:普氏野马主要感染6种马胃蝇(Gasterophilus),分别为黑腹胃蝇(G.pecorum)、肠胃蝇(G.intestinalis)、裸节胃蝇(G.inermis)、黑角胃蝇(G.nigricornis)、红尾胃蝇(G.haemorrhoidalis)和鼻胃蝇(G.nasalis);驱虫4 d后粪便中无马胃蝇幼虫排出,6 d后粪便寄生虫虫卵减少率达99.65%。驱虫前普氏野马粪便IgM、IgA和IgG平均水平分别为(2.232±0.592)μg/g、(13.025±2.857)μg/g和(362.684±149.403)ng/g,雌性3种免疫球蛋白水平均低于雄性,但3种免疫球蛋在雌雄野马及两个试验种群间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。驱虫后普氏野马粪便IgM、IgA和IgG平均水平分别为(3.250±1.701)μg/g、(25.580±18.525)μg/g和(308.002±309.6056)ng/g,雌性IgM、IgG总体水平高于雄性,雄性IgA总体水平高于雌性。将野马感染马胃蝇数量与粪便免疫球蛋白变化率进行Spearman相关性分析发现,与IgM变化率呈不显著负相关(r=-0.770,P>0.05)、与IgA变化率呈不显著负相关(r=-0.491,P>0.05)、与IgG变化率呈显著负相关(r=-0.721,P<0.05)。研究证实粪便免疫球蛋白可以作为评价机体免疫系统的重要指标之一。科学合理驱虫可以在一定程度上提高野马的免疫能力,冬季适时驱虫非常具有必要性。

Relying on non-invasive sampling and ELISA technology,the levels of immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,IgM)in the feces of Przewalski’s horse by anthelmintic were used as detection indicators to study the effect of deworming on the level of immunoglobulins in the feces of Przewalski’s horse,and to explore the factors affecting the level of body immunoglobulins.Six species of Gasterophilus were identified from Przewalski’s horse,namely G.pecorum,G.intestinalis,G.inermis,G.nigricornis,G.haemorrhoidalis and G.nasalis.After 4 days of deworming,there was no discharge of Gasterophilus larvae in the feces,and after 6 days,the reduction rate of parasitic eggs in the feces reached 99.65%.The results showed that the average levels of IgM,IgA and IgG in the feces of Przewalski's horse before deworming were(2.232±0.592)μg/g,(13.025±2.857)μg/g and(362.684±149.403)ng/g,the levels of three kinds of immunoglobulins in females were lower than those in males,but there was no significant difference between males and females and between the two experimental populations.The average levels of IgM,IgA and IgG in the feces of Przewalski’s horse after deworming were(3.250±1.701)μg/g,(25.580±18.525)μg/g and(308.02±309.6056)ng/g,the overall levels of IgM and IgG in females were higher than those in males,while the overall levels of IgA in males were higher than those in females.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted between the number of Gasterophilus infected with Przewalski’s horse and the rate of changes in fecal immunoglobulin.It was found that there was no significant negative correlation with IgM change rate(r=-0.770,P>0.05),no significant negative correlation with IgA change rate(r=-0.491,P>0.05),and a significant negative correlation with IgG change rate(r=-0.721,P<0.05).Research had confirmed that fecal immunoglobulin could serve as one of the important indicators for evaluating the body's immune system.Scientific and reasonable deworming could improve the immune capacity of Przewalski’s horse to a certain extent,and timely deworming in winter was very necessary.