清华简《保训》释义

Interpretation of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips BaoXun(《保训》)

以整理者的严式释文为底本,结合学界的研究成果,重新释读清华简《保训》。在研究方法上,注重运用“二重证据法”,将《周易》《尚书》《逸周书》等传世文献与《保训》相比较,又征引马王堆帛书《老子》、清华简《五纪》等出土文献与《保训》相印证,从思想史、文化史的角度来发掘《保训》的真义,并将之作为章句训诂的依据。《保训》是周文王的临终遗训,文王追述了黄帝之质朴、舜之良善、微之理智、汤之义勇,并将自己所秉持的诚实、公正、宽容、不懈之道传给武王,叮嘱武王要心存敬畏、勤政用贤。《保训》对于中国上古史尤其是思想史研究具有重要的文献价值。

Based on the original text made by the researcher and research results of other scholars,the author reinterprets the Tsinghua bamboo slips BaoXun(《保训》).In terms of research methods,compares the documents such as ZhouYi(《周易》),ShangShu(《尚书》)and YiZhouShu(《逸周书》)with BaoXun(《保训》)according to the“dual attestation”,and cites the newly unearthed documents such as Mawangdui silk book LaoZi(《老子》)and Tsinghua bamboo slips WuJi(《五纪》)to confirm with BaoXun(《保训》),in order to explore the true meaning of BaoXun(《保训》)from the angle of thought and historical facts,and take it as the basis of text interpretation.It is believed that BaoXun(《保训》)is Zhou Wenwang’s testament,In his last teachings,Zhou Wenwang recalled Huang Di’s idea of“sincerity”,Shun’s idea of“kindness”,Wei’s idea of“rationality”and Tang’s idea of“bravery”,and passed on the idea of“faithfulness,fairness,conscientiousness and persistence”to Zhou Wuwang,urging Zhou Wuwang to be“reverent”,“diligent”and“virtuous”.BaoXun(《保训》)is of great documentary value to the study of China’s ancient history,especially the history of thought.