基于小胶质细胞活化探讨中医药治疗阿尔茨海默病研究进展

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on Alzheimer’s disease based on microglia activation

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经系统疾病,其临床特征是认知功能障碍和记忆下降,小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统的免疫细胞,在AD中发挥免疫应答作用。该文综述了近年来关于中医药调控小胶质细胞活化以防治AD的研究。从小胶质细胞的结构特征、在AD的作用机制、中医药调节等方面进行了归纳、分析和总结。中医药通过调节炎症反应机制、促进小胶质细胞极化、调节脑肠轴、减少Aβ沉积,达到增强小胶质细胞吞噬功能和免疫功能的作用,从而降低炎症因子表达,维持神经系统的稳定性,保护神经元,改善AD小鼠的认知障碍和空间记忆力,这表明可以中医药调节小胶质细胞活化作为切入点,为AD的药物研发和临床治疗提供参考依据。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurological disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory decline.Microglia,as immune cells in the central nervous system,plays an important role in the immune response in AD.This article reviews recent studies on the regulation of microglia activation by traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat AD.This article summarizes the structural characteristics of microglia,the mechanism of action in AD,and the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine can enhance the phagocytic function of microglia and immune function by regulating the inflammatory response mechanism,promoting the polarization of microglia,regulating the brain-gut axis,and reducing Aβdeposition,thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory factors,maintaining the stability of the nervous system,protecting neurons,and improving the cognitive impairment and spatial memory of AD mice.This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine can be used as an entry point to regulate the activation of microglia,which provides a reference for drug development and clinical treatment of AD.