典型特殊土处理技术研究进展

Research Progress in Typical Special Soil Treatment Technology

岩土工程中的部分土体因其成分、状态或结构特殊,表现出显著不同于一般粘性土的工程特性,对地基基础和地上建筑有显著的影响。本文选择典型的软土、红黏土和膨胀土作为研究对象,对其工程性质、危害以及加固改良三个方面进行了相关阐述。研究结果表明,软土的典型特征表现为天然含水量大、易压缩、抗剪强度低,导致软土地基必须加固处理;红粘土的典型特征表现为液塑限高、失水收缩显著、裂隙发育明显,导致地上建筑开裂和破坏;膨胀土的典型特征表现为水敏性显著,水分的急剧变化导致膨胀土胀缩变形强烈、裂隙大量发展,导致膨胀土边坡易发生崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等地质灾害,而膨胀土场地上的工程项目会产生变形、开裂或不均匀沉降等严重的工程问题。针对软土、红粘土以及膨胀土的工程地质问题,现有学者通过物理、化学、生物的方法实现了土体的加固改良,并持续研发新技术和新方法实现更优的处理效果。

Due to its special composition,state or structure,some soils in geotechnical engineering show engineering characteristics that are significantly different from ordinary cohesive soils,which have a significant impact on foundations and above-ground buildings.This paper chooses typical soft soil,red clay and expansive soil as the research objects,and elaborates on three aspects of their engineering properties,hazards and reinforcement and improvement.The research results show that the typical characteristics of soft soil are high natural water content,easy to compress,and low shear strength,which lead to the reinforcement of soft soil foundation;the typical characteristics of red clay are high liquid-plastic limit,significant dehydration shrinkage,cracks The development is obvious,leading to cracking and destruction of the above-ground buildings;the typical characteristics of expansive soil are significant water sensitivity,and the rapid change of water will lead to strong expansion and contraction deformation of expansive soil,and a large number of cracks will develop,resulting in expansive soil slopes prone to collapse,landslides and debris flows And other geological disasters,and engineering projects on expansive soil sites will cause serious engineering problems such as deformation,cracking or uneven settlement.For the engineering geological problems of soft soil,red clay and expansive soil,existing scholars have achieved soil reinforcement and improvement through physical,chemical and biological methods,and continue to develop new technologies and methods to achieve bettertreatment effects.