不同场景下燃料电池汽车氢泄漏的安全研究

Research on Hydrogen Leakage Safety of Fuel Cell Vehicles under Different Scenarios

处于不同停车场环境的燃料电池汽车产生氢泄漏时,氢气的扩散规律会受不同的环境条件影响。为研究燃料电池汽车在泄漏事故中的氢气泄放特征及停车场环境对其扩散的影响,建立了封闭、半封闭、开放、通风4种环境条件的停车场下燃料电池汽车氢泄漏的计算模型,分析氢气扩散规律以及氢气浓度随时间和空间的变化规律。结果表明,封闭环境下氢气会由于与空气的挤兑而聚集在车辆正上方的停车场顶部,浓度较高且扩散速度慢;半封闭环境的氢气扩散与封闭环境类似,但氢气聚集浓度明显降低;开放环境下氢气主要聚集在汽车周围,向四周稀释速度较快,相比于封闭与半封闭环境氢气浓度始终比较低;通风环境下氢气会顺着风向向下游扩散,主要聚集在车辆背风处。这些结果可以为燃料电池汽车氢泄漏引起的火灾风险提供参考。

Fuel cell vehicles in different parking environments have different hydrogen diffusion patterns when hydrogen leaks occur.In order to study the characteristics of hydrogen release in fuel cell vehicles during leakage accidents and the influence of parking environments on its diffusion,a computational model of hydrogen leakage from fuel cell vehicles in four different parking environment conditions,including enclosed,semi-enclosed,open,and ventilated environments,is established.The models are used to analyze the diffusion patterns of hydrogen and the changes in hydrogen concentration over time and space.The results indicate that in enclosed environments,hydrogen tends to accumulate at the top of the parking area directly above the vehicle due to displacement with air,with a high concentration and slow diffusion rate.In semi-enclosed environments,the diffusion of hydrogen is similar to that in enclosed environments,but the concentration of hydrogen accumulation is significantly reduced.In open environments,hydrogen mainly accumulates around the vehicle and dilutes quickly in all directions,with consistently lower hydrogen concentrations compared to enclosed and semi-enclosed environments.In ventilated environments,hydrogen diffuses downstream along the wind direction,primarily accumulating on the leeward side of the vehicle.These findings provide references for assessing fire risks caused by hydrogen leakage in fuel cell vehicles.