基于改变零件刚度的座椅抗鞭打性能优化

Optimization of Whiplash Resistance Performance of Seats Based on Altering Part Stiffness

追尾碰撞在各种汽车事故类型中占有明显较大的比例,而鞭打试验中颈部损伤系数和上颈部弯矩是目前的主要失分项。文章基于物理试验与座椅有限元模型,分析了模型的基本结构和运动响应,然后运用Madymo软件建立了座椅鞭打试验仿真分析模型。对座椅主要设计参数进行灵敏度分析,以此确定了座椅结构中的主要零件刚度特性参数。利用多目标优化算法和蒙特卡洛模拟方法形成的相应的座椅抗鞭打性能优化方案,通过调整座椅主要零件刚度,以提高乘员头部和下颈部运动一致性。优化方案最终使颈部损伤系数降低26.5%,并且上颈部弯矩能够满足最高性能限值。

Rear end collisions account for a significant proportion in various types of accidents,and the neck injury criterion and upper neck bending moment are the main scoring items in whiplash tests.Based on physical tests and seat finite element models,the basic structure and motion response of the model are analyzed,and then a seat whiplash test simulation analysis model is established using Madymo software.The sensitivity analysis of the main design parameters of the seat is conducted to determine the main stiffness characteristics of the seat structure components.Utilizing multi-objective optimization algorithms and Monte Carlo simulation methods,the corresponding optimization methods for the anti-whiplash performance are formed to improve the consistency of head and lower neck movement of the occupant by adjusting the stiffness of main components of the seat.The optimized plan ultimately reduced the neck injury criterion by 26.5%,and the upper neck bending moment met the highest performance limit.