云南德宏三种犀鸟的分布及适宜栖息地预测

Distribution and Suitable Habitat Prediction of Three Hornbills Species in Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province

云南德宏是犀鸟种群的集中分布区域。2020年12月—2021年11月,利用样线法分别对德宏境内的冠斑犀鸟(Anthracoceros albirostris)、双角犀鸟(Buceros bicornis)和花冠皱盔犀鸟(Rhyticeros undulatus)进行野外分布位点调查,利用MaxEnt模型对3种犀鸟的潜在适宜栖息地进行预测。结果表明:冠斑犀鸟的最适宜栖息地主要分布在盈江县西北部和西南部边缘以及瑞丽市,总面积约116 km2;双角犀鸟的最适宜栖息地主要分布在盈江县西南部边缘、陇川县西北部和瑞丽市西南部,总面积约170 km2;花冠皱盔犀鸟的最适宜栖息地主要分布在盈江县西北部和西南部边缘、瑞丽市西南部,总面积约305 km2。刀切法显示,影响冠斑犀鸟分布最主要的因子是坡向、最干燥月份的降水(Bio14)以及最冷月份的最低温度(Bio6);影响双角犀鸟分布最主要的因子是年降水量(Bio12)、Bio14以及坡度;影响花冠皱盔犀鸟分布最主要的因子是坡向和Bio6。综合来看,此次调查结果有助于促进德宏3种犀鸟的实地调查、保护规划和未来的科学管理。

Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province is a concentrated distribution area of hornbill populations.From Decem⁃ber 2020 to November 2021,the field distribution sites of Anthracoceros albirostris,Buceros bicornis and Rhyticeros undula⁃tus were investigated by using the line transects.The MaxEnt model was used to predict the suitable habitat distribution of the three species of hornbills in Dehong Prefecture.Our results showed that the most suitable habitat of Anthracoceros albi⁃rostris is mainly distributed in the northwestern and southwestern edges of Yingjiang and Ruili,with a total area of 116 km2.The most suitable habitat of Buceros bicornis is mainly distributed in the southwestern margin of Yingjiang,the northwestern of Longchuan and the southwestern of Ruili,with a total area of about 170 km2.The most suitable habitat of Rhyticeros un⁃dulatus is mainly distributed in the northwestern and southwestern edges of Yingjiang and the southwestern of Ruili,with a total area of 305 km2.Aspect,precipitation volume in driest month(Bio14),and the lowest temperature in the coldest month(Bio6)are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Anthracoceros albirostris.Annual pre⁃cipitation volume(Bio12),Bio14,and slope are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Buceros bicornis.Aspect and Bio6 are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Rhyticeros undulatus.Our results will provide the foundation for future field surveys,conservation planning and habitat management of the three spe⁃cies of hornbill in Dehong Prefecture.