鄱阳湖周边农田生境中越冬白鹤和鸿雁肠道微生物多样性研究

Study on the Gut Microbial Diversity of Leucogeranus leucogeranus and Anser cygnoides in Farmland Habitats Around Poyang Lake

为了掌握鄱阳湖周边农田生境中越冬白鹤(Leucogeranus leucogeranus)和鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)的肠道微生物多样性,利用高通量测序技术,对来自五星垦殖场和康山垦殖场的200份白鹤、鸿雁粪便样品进行检测。结果表明:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是白鹤肠道菌群的绝对优势菌门,厚壁菌门和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是鸿雁肠道菌群的绝对优势菌门,白鹤肠道菌群多样性低于鸿雁,且二者肠道菌群结构存在显著差异。白鹤和鸿雁共携带184种病原菌,包括动物病原菌、人兽共患病病原菌和植物病原菌。白鹤携带的病原菌种类和数量均少于鸿雁,其中解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种(Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.pasteurianus)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)和铅黄肠球菌(E.casseliflavus)是白鹤和鸿雁携带的主要病原菌。研究结果为了解鄱阳湖越冬候鸟肠道微生物结构提供了依据,并对制定越冬候鸟保护管理策略具有一定的参考价值和现实意义。

In order to understand the gut microbial diversity of Leucogeranus leucogeranus and Anser cygnoides in the farmland habitats of Poyang Lake,200 fecal samples of Leucogeranus leucogeranus and Anser cygnoides from Wuxing Reclamation Farm and Kangshan Reclamation Farm were examined using high-throughput sequencing technology.The re⁃sults showed that Firmicutes was the absolute dominant bacteria phylum in the gut microbiota of Leucogeranus leucogera⁃nus,while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant bacteria phylum in the gut microbiota of Anser cygnoi⁃des.The gut microbial diversity of Leucogeranus leucogeranus was lower than that of Anser cygnoides,and the gut micro⁃bial structures of the two species were significantly different.Leucogeranus leucogeranus and Anser cygnoides carried a to⁃tal of 184 species of pathogens,including animal pathogens,zoonotic pathogens,and plant pathogens.The species and quantity of pathogens carried by Leucogeranus leucogeranus were less than those carried by Anser cygnoides.Streptococ⁃cus gallolyticus subsp.pasteurianus,Enterococcus faecium,and E.casseliflavus were the main pathogens carried by the two species of birds.The results of this study provide a basis for understanding the gut microbial structure of wintering mi⁃gratory birds in Poyang Lake,and have certain reference value and practical significance for the development of conserva⁃tion and management strategies for wintering migratory birds.