牡丹峰国家级自然保护区极北鲵产卵场生境

Spawning Site Habitat of Salamandrella keyserlingii in Mudanfeng National Nature Reserve

极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)为国家二级重点保护野生动物,其生存受到生境退化和丧失的严重威胁,深入探究其产卵时的生境选择偏好,对促进其种群数量的增长至关重要。2023年5月在牡丹峰国家级自然保护区,采用样方法调查极北鲵及其卵袋的数量,同时测量产卵场19个生境因子,以期揭示影响其繁殖行为的关键因子。结果显示:共发现154条极北鲵和85条卵袋,极北鲵倾向于选择植被茂密、近河流的静水池塘作为产卵地点,池塘面积65.20~300.00 m^(2),水体平均深度1.13 m,土壤以黏质为主。所选区域地表温度保持在14.50~17.20℃,水体温度在13.90~16.70℃,光照强度适宜(7.44 klx),空气湿度42.20%~67.20%。水质分析表明,水体pH偏碱性(8.08±0.17),水体电导率(135.35±39.86)μS/cm,溶解氧质量浓度(3.62±1.50)mg/L。通过相关性分析和主成分分析,确定影响极北鲵(r_(1))和卵袋数量(r2)的关键因子。其中,距道路距离(r_(1)=0.827、r_(2)=0.724)、水体面积(r_(1)=0.792、r_(2)=0.901)、郁闭度(r_(1)=0.697、r_(2)=0.658)、水体温度(r_(1)=0.597)、地表温度(r_(1)=0.582)、水体深度(r_(1)=-0.706、r_(2)=-0.667)、人为干扰程度(r_(1)=-0.682、r_(2)=-0.616)和水面覆盖物(r_(2)=0.559)与极北鲵繁殖行为密切相关。气候因子、水因子以及干扰因子在极北鲵选择产卵位点时起到重要作用,保护此类环境因子对极北鲵的生存与繁殖具有重要意义。

Salamandrella keyserlingii,a wild animal under the national second-class protection,is seriously threatened by habitat degradation and loss.This study explored its habitat selection preference at spawning time for promoting its popula⁃tion growth.In May 2023,we investigate the population number,number of egg bags,and spawning sites of S.keyserlingii using the quadrat method in Mudanfeng National Nature Reserve,and measured 19 habitat factors that influence their breeding behavior.A total of 154 S.keyserlingii individuals and 85 egg bags were found.The S.keyserlingii tended to choose still water ponds with dense vegetation and proximity to rivers as spawning sites.The pond area was 65.20-300.00 m^(2),with an average pond depth of 1.13 m and clay-based soil.In the selected area,the surface temperature was kept at 14.50-17.20℃,the water temperature at 13.90-16.70℃,and the air humidity at 42.20%-67.20%,with a suitable light intensity(7.44 klx).Water quality analysis showed that the pH of water body was slightly alkaline(7.75-8.32),specific conductance was 78.33-237.14μS/cm,and a dissolved oxygen concentration was(3.62±1.50)mg/L.By correlation analysis and principal component analysis,the key factors affecting the abundance of S.keyserlingii(r_(1))and the number of egg bags(r_(2))were identified.Among these factors,distance from road(r_(1)=0.827,r_(2)=0.724),pond area(r_(1)=0.792,r_(2)=0.901),canopy density(r_(1)=0.697,r_(2)=0.658),water temperature(r_(1)=0.597),surface temperature(r_(1)=0.582),pond depth(r_(1)=-0.706,r_(2)=-0.667),degree of human interference(r_(1)=-0.682,r_(2)=-0.616),and water surface coverage(r_(2)=0.559)were closely related to the reproductive behavior of S.keyserlingii.Climate factors,water factors,and human disturbance factors play an important role in the selection of spawning sites,and the protection of envi⁃ronmental factors is of great importance for the survival and reproduction of S.keyserlingii.