基于地形要素的山地型动物园场馆可达性分析——以南京红山森林动物园为例

Accessibility Analysis of Venues in Mountain Zoos Based on Topographic Factor:a Case of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo

山地型动物园因其复杂多变的地形地貌,易于营造生境式的展示场馆,成为动物园的主要类型之一。基于地形要素特征,引入坡度和地形位置指数,从通行距离和权重系数两个方面改进传统场馆可达性模型,并以南京红山森林动物园为例,结合可达性系数分析、场馆热度分析,对山地型动物园场馆可达性进行分析。结果表明:(1)改进模型计算的场馆可达性两极化显著,在识别高地势低可达和低地势高可达场馆方面更加符合实际,可以比较准确地刻画山地型动物园场馆可达性特征;(2)红山森林动物园场馆可达性较好,呈现“核心—边缘”近似圈层的空间布局;(3)红山森林动物园场馆可达性与场馆热度之间存在不匹配情况,高热度场馆平均可达水平略低,虎馆、狼馆高热度场馆可达性较差。研究结果可为山地型动物园内部空间结构完善、已有景观资源配置优化提供参考。

Mountain zoo is one of the main types of zoos due to its complex and varied topography,which makes it easy to build habitat-type exhibition venues.Based on the characteristics of topographic factor,this study used the slope and topo⁃graphic position index to improve the traditional venue accessibility model of travel distance and weighting coefficient.Nan⁃jing Hongshan Forest Zoo was selected as the target region,combined with accessibility coefficient analysis and venue at⁃traction analysis,to analyze venue accessibility.The result showed that:(1)Using improved model to calculate the acces⁃sibility of the zoo venues,the accessibility characteristics of the zoo venues in the mountain can be described more accu⁃rately,and it is more practical to identify the high-terrain with low accessibility and low-terrain with high accessibility.(2)Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo has a higher venue accessibility,exhibiting a“core-edge”spatial layout of approximate circle layer.(3)There is a mismatch between the venue accessibility and the venue attraction in Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo.The average accessibility level of the highest attraction venues has slightly lower,and Tigers House and Wolf House have high attraction,but low accessibility.This study can directly reflect the service performance of the venues,and provide ad⁃vice for planning and management of mountain zoos.