宁乡市高品质丝瓜筛选评价

Screening and Evaluation of High-quality Luffa in Ningxiang City

为筛选出适合宁乡市春季设施和露地栽培的高品质油亮丝瓜品种,对宁乡市及周边地区目前种植的该类型5个丝瓜品种进行了筛选试验,调查各品种农艺性状、商品性、产量及抗病性等情况。结果发现:5个品种果实均为短圆筒形,果表油亮;白玉丝瓜果实颜色前期为白绿色,中后期逐渐变为白色,其余4个品种前期均为浅绿色,中后期逐渐变为白绿色,油亮3号果实颜色前后期变化相对较小;果实商品性综合评价以油亮3号最好,白玉丝瓜最差。果肉致密度从高到低依次为胖妞、白关、白玉、翠玉1号、油亮3号。裂果率最高的是胖妞和油亮3号,均为6%,翠玉1号最低,为2%。5个品种果肉均抗褐变,口感肉质细腻、甜。翠玉1号的前期产量最高,为2167.4 kg/667 m2,其次是油亮3号,为1414.7 kg/667 m2,白关丝瓜最低,为1106.0 kg/667 m2。总产量最高的是翠玉1号,为5248.8 kg/667 m2,其次是油亮3号,为4730.4 kg/667 m2,白关丝瓜最低,为3914.2 kg/667 m2。5个品种均未发生枯萎病,也没有其他病害严重发生的情况。结果表明,翠玉1号适合宁乡市大棚春提早和春露地栽培,油亮3号适合春露地栽培。

In order to select high-quality smooth and shiny luffa varieties suitable for protected and open field cultivation in spring in Ningxiang City,screening experiments were conducted on five luffa varieties planting in the city and surrounding areas.Several agronomic traits,commodity character,yield and disease resistance were investigated.The results showed that all the five varieties were short cylindrical in shape,with shiny fruit surface.The fruit color of Baiyu was white green in the early stage and gradually turned into white in the middle and late stages.Fruit colors of the other four varieties were all light green in the early stage and gradually turned into white green in the middle and late stages.Changes of the fruit color for Youliang 3 was not significant.Youliang 3 had the best commodity character,while Baiyu was the worst.Pangniu had the highest fruit pulp density,followed by Baiyu,Cuiyu 1,and Youliang 3.The highest fruit cracking rate was observed in Pangniu and Youliang 3,and both of them had the rate of 6%.While Cuiyu 1 had the lowest rate of 2%.Fruit pulps for all the five varieties were resistant to browning,with a delicate and sweet texture.The results showed that Cuiyu 1 had the highest early yield of 2167.4 kg/667 m2,followed by Youliang No.3 of 1414.7 kg/667 m2,and Baiguan had the lowest yield of 1106.0 kg/667 m2.Cuiyu 1 had the highest total yield of 5248.8 kg/667 m2,followed by Youliang 3,with a yield of 4730.4 kg/667 m2,and Baiguan had the lowest yield of 3914.2 kg/667 m2.None of the five varieties had experienced wilt disease,and there were no serious occurrences of other diseases.The results indicated that Cuiyu 1 was suitable for cultivation in both greenhouses and open field in early spring in Ningxiang City,while Youliang 3 was suitable for open field cultivation in spring.