核燃料后处理放射性废物管理处置策略

Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal Strategies

随着核能在全球能源结构中的地位日益重要,核燃料后处理工艺产生的放射性废物管理与处置问题受到广泛关注。文章介绍了国外先进核燃料后处理废物管理处置策略,分析了中国当前存在的处置问题和不足,从低放废物近地表处置、中放废物中等深度处置、高放废物深地质处置、数字化和智能化应用、开展专业化法律和标准体系研究五个方面提出相应管理处置策略。

As nuclear energy becomes increasingly significant in the global energy matrix,the management and disposal of radioactive waste generated from nuclear fuel reprocessing have garnered widespread attention.This paper introduces foreign advanced nuclear fuel reprocessing waste management and disposal strategies,analyzes the current disposal problems and shortcomings in China,and proposes corresponding management and disposal strategies in five aspects:near-surface disposal of low-level waste,intermediate-depth disposal of intermediate-level waste,deep geological disposal of high-level waste,application of digitalization and intelligent technologies,and the development of specialized legal and regulatory frameworks.