不同浆细胞病分型患者骨髓浆细胞的流式特征分析

The flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells in patients of different plasma cell dyscrasias

目的探讨根据国际骨髓瘤工作组(International Myeloma Working Group,IMWG)标准不同浆细胞病分型患者骨髓浆细胞数量及免疫表型的差异。方法回顾性分析2019年6月12日至2023年9月5日在复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院诊治的浆细胞病患者血清学及骨髓流式结果。结果纳入102例浆细胞病患者,男性63例,女性39例,发病年龄22~85岁,其中意义未明的单克隆丙种球蛋白血症46例,冒烟型骨髓瘤5例,多发性骨髓瘤39例,轻链淀粉样变性12例。所有患者均伴有M蛋白,包含IgG型58例、非IgG型44例。所有患者骨髓均可检测到浆细胞,其中79例患者骨髓检测到异常浆细胞,63例患者骨髓检测到正常浆细胞,40例患者骨髓同时检测到正常及异常浆细胞。52例患者骨髓的异常浆细胞表达CD56,12例患者骨髓异常浆细胞表达CD117。不同疾病组间的性别、年龄差异无统计学意义。不同疾病组间的M蛋白类型及浓度、血清受累/非受累游离轻链、骨髓总浆细胞(包括正常及异常浆细胞)/有核细胞、骨髓异常浆细胞/有核细胞、骨髓异常浆细胞/骨髓总浆细胞、骨髓正常浆细胞/骨髓总浆细胞的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。不同疾病组中异常浆细胞CD56的表达存在统计学差异(P=0.009),而CD117的表达差异无统计学意义。结论轻链淀粉样变性患者骨髓克隆性浆细胞的比例、克隆性浆细胞/骨髓总浆细胞、异常浆细胞CD56表达比例与意义未明单克隆丙种球蛋白血症相仿,而与多发性骨髓瘤患者有显著差异。

Objective To investigate the differences of characteristic of bone marrow plasma cells in patients of different plasma cell dyscrasias according to International Myeloma Working Group(IMWG)criteria.Methods We analyzed the serological and bone marrow flow cytometry results of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias diagnosed and treated in Department of Hematology,Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen Branch),Fudan University from Jun 12,2019 to Sep 5,2023 retrospectively.Results A total of 102 patients,63 males and 39 females,aged 22 to 85 years,were included,including 46 patients with monoclonal gammaglobulinemia of unknown significance,39 patients with multiple myeloma,5 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma and 12 patients with light-chain amyloidosis.All patients had M proteinemia,including 58 patients with IgG type and 44 patients with non-IgG type.Plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of all patients.Clonal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 79 patients.Normal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 63 patients.Both clonal and normal plasma cells were detected in the bone marrow of 40 patients.Clonal plasma cells from bone marrow of 52 patients expressed CD56 and 12 patients expressed CD117.There were no significant differences in gender,age among different disease groups.There were statistical differences in M protein type,the concentration of M protein,serum involved/uninvolved free light chain ratio,the proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells in all bone marrow plasma cells,and the proportion of normal plasma cells in all bone marrow plasma cells among different disease groups(P<0.05).There was statistical difference in the expression of CD56 in clonal plasma cells among different disease groups(P=0.009),but no statistical difference in the expression of CD117.Conclusion The proportion of clonal plasma cells to all nucleated cells,the proportion of clonal plasma cells to all plasma cells,and the proportion of CD56 expression in abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with light amyloidosis were similar to those of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance,but significantly different from those of patients with multiple myeloma.