日喀则地区儿童颅内中枢神经系统结构发育异常的影像学评价

Radiological imaging evaluation of children’s intracranial central nervous system malformations in Xigaze city

目的总结高原地区(日喀则)儿童颅内中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)结构发育异常的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2023年6月日喀则市人民医院收治的儿童CNS畸形的影像学资料。所有成像数据均由两名经验丰富的放射科医师通过一致阅读进行解释。按照原发、继发及幕上、幕下分别记录CNS发育异常的类型及对应的临床症状。结果本研究共纳入36名患儿,包括19名≤1岁的患儿(其中新生儿2名),7名1~3岁的患儿和10名>3岁的患儿。7例行MRI检查,其余行CT扫描。先天性CNS组中最常见类型为多脑回和巨脑回畸形(7例,31.8%),其次是脑实质囊性改变(3例,13.6%)。脑萎缩是继发性CNS异常最常见的类型(8例,57.1%),其次是交流性脑积水(3例,21.4%)。本研究中先天性组5例和继发性组4例为复合畸形。死亡8例(均在≤1岁组),神经后遗症12例,发育正常1例,失访15例。原发性和继发性CNS畸形的预后结局差异无统计学意义。结论本组资料中,脑回发育畸形和脑萎缩在婴幼儿CNS畸形中占比最高。合理利用影像学检查方法有助于帮助判定儿童CNS复杂畸形及后续制定合理治疗方案。

Objective To summarize the imaging findings of intracranial central nervous system(CNS)malformations children in the high-altitude plateau(Xigaze city).Methods We retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of the suspected patients having CNS malformations,which enrolled either by the clinic or by the ultrasound in the Shigatse People’s hospital from June,2019 to June,2023.All imaging data were interpreted by two experienced radiologists with consensus reading.Imaging characteristics were recorded roughly by primary/secondary,supra-/subtentorial malformation type and the corresponding clinical symptoms.Results A total of 36 children were included in this study,including 19 patients≤1 year old(including 2 newborns),7 patients between 1 and 3 years old,and 10 patients>3 years old.Seven cases underwent MRI examination,others having CT scan.Polygyria and pachygyria malformation were the most common type of congenital neurological malformations(7 cases,31.8%),followed by cystic changes of the cerebral parenchyma(3 cases,13.6%).Cerebral atrophy was the most common type of secondary CNS abnormalities group(8 cases,57.1%),followed by communicative hydrocephalus(3 cases,21.4%).Five patients in the congenital group and 4 patients in the secondary CNS group had the complex malformations.There were 8 dead cases(all in the≤1-year-old group),12 cases having neurological sequelae,1 case with normal development and 15 cases with loss of follow-up.There were no significant differences between primary and secondary CNS group regarding the final outcome.Conclusion In this study,gyrus developmental malformation and encephalatrophy were the most common etiologies in infants’CNS malformations.Reasonable use of imaging modalities will help depict the complicated CNS malformations and design individual treatment.