困局与破局:我国轻罪附随后果适用的优化路径构建

Dilemma and Breakthrough:Constructing an Optimization Path for the Application of Collateral Sanctions of Misdemeanors in China

我国轻罪附随后果面临立法设定的合宪性隐忧、实施过程比例性欠缺、冲击司法终局效力的困局,存在以上问题的原因为我国合宪性审查制度尚不完善、刑事被遗忘权缺少理论和现实关注、具备惩戒效能的社会信用体系杂糅多元主体、法律对非理性民众观念的引导动力不足、效果不明显。应当辩证看待轻罪及轻罪犯罪人,划定轻罪范围,制定全国适用的犯罪附随后果法,引领民众对轻罪犯罪人脱敏;突出前犯罪行为与轻罪附随后果的关联性,层次化布置轻罪附随后果,明确应当适用、不应适用及酌定适用范围;规范轻罪附随后果实施主体、设定期限、适用条件、救济路径,加强其程序正义。

The collateral sanctions of misdemeanors in China are faced with the hidden worry of constitutionality set by legislation,and the lack of proportionality in implementation impacts the dilemma of the final effectiveness of justice and shakes its justification foundation.The reasons for the above problems are that the constitutional review system in China is not perfect,and the right to be forgotten in criminal cases lacks theoretical and practical attention.The social credit system with disciplinary efficiency is mixed,and the multi-subject law has insufficient guiding power to irrational people’s concepts,and its effect is not obvious.We should dialectically treat misdemeanors and misdemeanor criminals,delimit the scope of misdemeanors,and formulate the applicable law of collateral sanctions of crimes and lead people to desensitize misdemeanor criminals;Highlight the relationship between the former criminal act and the collateral sanctions of misdemeanors,arrange the collateral sanctions of misdemeanors in a hierarchical way,and make it clear that it should be applied and should not be used and decide the scope of application;Standardize the implementation subject of misdemeanor accessory,set the time limit,apply the conditions,and strengthen its procedural justice.