企业公开数据的权益保护路径探析——基于“代码自治”视角

Analysis on the Protection Paths of the Interests of Enterprise Public Data--Based on the Perspective of"Code Autonomy"

数字经济时代,数据成为新的生产要素,但目前企业公开数据的保护机制缺位。我国司法裁判历程表明数据产权立法已成为必然趋势,但学界受数据单一保护模式的思维禁锢,针对究竟是数据“权利”还是数据“权益”问题争论不休。企业公开数据的动态性使数据赋权面临客体界定困境,权益保护模式能有效解决确权技术难题,为数据产权的构建和完善提供过渡性和兜底性保护。企业在权益保护模式下遵循“禁止之外皆自由”原则,通过“代码自治”和市场机制建立数据私人秩序,法律仅提供补充性救济。从立法论视角出发,可在《反不正当竞争法》中设立商业数据专条,针对限定公开数据和完全公开数据分别设定行为规制标准。从解释论视角出发,应明确数据产品的财产属性,类推物之占有解释代码空间权益,未经授权或者超越授权访问、获取、利用和处分数据的行为均会被认定为破坏了企业对代码空间的完整管领状态,应予以规制。

In the era of digital economy,data has become a new factor of production,but the protection mechanism for enterprise public data is lacking.Chinese data judicial adjudication history shows that data property rights legislation has become an inevitable trend,but scholars are limited to the mind of the single data protection model,debating whether it is the data"right"or the data"interest".Since data changes frequently,it is difficult to define the object scope of the data,which becomes the biggest obstacle to building data property rights.However,the interests protection model can effectively avoid this obstacle and provide transitional and comprehensive supplementary protection for the construction and improvement of data property rights.Under the interests protection model,enterprises establish a private order through code autonomy and market mechanism under the principle of"absence of legal prohibition means freedom",and the law only provides supplementary remedies.From the perspective of legislation,we can set a business data article in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,and establish separate standards for the regulation of behavior for limited public data and fully disclosed data.From the perspective of interpretation,we should grasp the property attributes of data products,interpreting civil possession into"code space rights and interests",which means the acts of accessing,obtaining,using,and disposing of data without permission or beyond authorization all undermine the complete management of the code space.