虚实空间中介:基于骑手视角的“外卖工厂”形成机制研究

Virtual-Real Space Mediation:A Study on the Formation Mechanism of a Takeaway Factory Based on the Delivery Rider's Perspective

数字经济时代依托O2O电商平台外卖店铺在中心城区大规模集聚形成“外卖工厂”。除过平台经济、消费需求以及空间成本等多方面的影响外,骑手是促进“外卖工厂”最终形成的重要实体和动态因素。文章基于虚实空间互动的分析框架,运用参与式调查法,揭示了众包、专送2种不同类型骑手在“外卖工厂”形成过程中的具体作用机制。在“外卖工厂”形成的初始阶段,众包骑手促进外卖店铺在大区域分化;专送系统的出现促进不同片区间配送效率的均衡;随着专送和众包体系的日益成熟,最终促进外卖店铺在大站点片区内完成高密度、大规模集聚。骑手作为虚拟集聚引致实体集聚的核心中介,在不同阶段和空间尺度促进了外卖店铺的分化、均衡与极化过程。

In the digital economy era,take-out shops relying on the online-to-offline e-commerce platform have gathered in central cities on a large scale,forming large-scale food processing spaces— "Takeaway Factories" —to serve immediate local catering needs.In addition to the impact of the platform economy,consumer demand,and space costs,riders are an important and dynamic factor that promote the final formation of a "Takeaway Factory".Based on the analysis framework of virtual and real-space interactions using the participatory survey method,the specific roles of crowdsourcing and special delivery riders in the formation of "Takeaway Factory" was elucidated.Riders,as the core intermediaries of virtual agglomeration that leads to physical agglomeration,play a role at different stages and spatial scales.In the initial stage,because dedicated takeout shops tend to prefer low-cost,high-demand urban gap spaces,they face challenges in matching with special delivery riders until they are included in the special delivery distribution station.Thus,crowdsourcing riders with free-movement attributes are their first choice.Crowdsourcing riders have a strong preference for store clusters and select food through the two tools of the regional order heat map and grab order hall,bringing about differences in distribution efficiency and promoting the phenomenon of large regional differentiation of relatively concentrated and dispersed stores within the city scale.In the middle stage,in the face of the uneven distribution efficiency of different areas in the city,the platform divides the size of the stations according to the size of the shops in different areas,and matches the special delivery riders of the corresponding scale,which eliminates the uneven distribution efficiency of different areas to a certain extent,and promotes the distribution efficiency of different sections to reach a basic balance.With the emergence of special delivery systems,the special delivery riders are distributed in the station area through the delivery system,which effectively alleviates the distribution pressure of the relatively dispersed,inferior-location stores and promotes the balance of the distribution efficiency of different sections.In the final stage,the special delivery and crowdsourcing riders in the area jointly promote the agglomeration of shops in the area,and ultimately promote the formation of a more polarized takeaway factory.Crowdsourcing riders continue to promote agglomeration from the initial stage,whereas the emergence of special delivery riders promotes both equilibrium and agglomeration.With the increasing maturity of the special delivery and crowdsourcing system,the time-space behavior of different types of riders will eventually promote the completion of the high-density and large-scale agglomeration of takeaway shops in the area(distribution site) through virtual tools,such as site order thermal maps,order dispatching systems,resident points,and order-grabbing halls.