明代花灯形制细究——以《明宪宗元宵行乐图》为例

A Detailed Study of the Shape and System of Ming Dynasty Lanterns-Taking the“Ming Emperor Xianzong’s Lantern Festival Celebration”as an Example

《明宪宗元宵行乐图》是明代宫廷画派的重要作品,反映出明代宫廷贵族在元宵节期间的娱乐活动和文化生活,构成了解明代宫廷元宵节状态的系列图像。图像记载便于从史实的视角探究明代宫廷花灯的具体形制,由此将图内花灯分为花灯本体式样、高灯式样、鳌山式样、大型摆灯式样4个方面并结合相关图例进行介绍。将明代经典花灯个体进行元素细分,从上到下依次为华盖、球灯、灯架、系带,明确各组成的外形特点,归纳总结明代花灯有阶级性、建筑关联性、制式稳定性特点。通过对画幅中花灯的研究,利于传承明代花灯这一传统物质文化,也为现代复原制作提供依据。

The“Ming Emperor Xianzong’s Lantern Festival Celebration”is an important work of the Ming Dynasty court painting school,reflecting the entertainment activities and cultural life of the Ming Dynasty court noble during the Lantern Festival,and constituting a series of images that depict the state of the Ming Dynasty court Lantern Festival.The images provide a basis for exploring the specific form of the lanterns in the Ming Dynasty court from a historical perspective.The lanterns in the image are classified into four aspects:the main lantern style,the tall lantern style,the Ao Mountain style,and the large-scale lantern style,which are introduced in conjunction with relevant illustrations.The individual elements of classic Ming Dynasty lanterns are further subdivided,from top to bottom:the canopy,the ball lantern,the lantern frame,and the tie,clarifying the external characteristics of each component.It is concluded that Ming Dynasty lanterns exhibit characteristics of class differentiation,architectural association,and stylistic stability.Through the study of the lanterns in the painting helps to inherit the traditional culture of Ming Dynasty lanterns and pro‐vides a basis for modern restoration and production.