文化、心理与社会:试论孙本文的文化观

Culture,Psychology and Society:A Discussion on Sun Benwen's Cultural View

中国文化社会学之本土传统的确立,需仰赖对民国文化社会学史的深度挖掘,而孙本文是其中最重要的一环。作为中国文化社会学的先驱与主要奠基人之一,孙本文系统地引介了当时美国主流的文化社会学说,并在一定程度上予以了本土化。他系统地探讨了文化之界定、特质与分类,进而展开文化与心理、文化与社会诸面向之关联的讨论。在文化与心理的关系上,他一方面强调二者之相互影响,另一方面则强调了文化决定论的立场。在文化与社会的关系上,他从社会控制、社会变迁、社会问题与社会建设四个方面展开了较为系统的论述,文化视角一以贯之。基于其理论立场,他指出现代中国文化建设之方向应坚持中国本位立场的折衷论,反对陈序经的全盘西化论。尽管存在着一定的理论局限性,他的文化理论以及文化建设方案对于当代中国仍具有重要的借鉴意义。

The establishment of the Chinese tradition of cultural sociology relies on the deep exploration of the history of cultural sociology in the period of Republic of China,in which Sun Benwen is one of the most important figures.As a pioneer and main founder of Chinese cultural sociology,Sun Benwen systematically introduced the mainstream cultural sociological theories of the United States at that time and sinolized them to a certain extent.He systematically explored the definition,characteristics,and classification of culture,and then discussed the relationship between culture and psychology,culture and society.In terms of the relationship between culture and psychology,he emphasized the mutual influence of the two on the one hand,and on the other hand,he was more inclined to cultural determinism.In terms of the relationship between culture and society,he launched a more systematic discussion from four aspects:social control,social change,social problems,and social construction,with a cultural perspective throughout.Based on his theoretical position,he pointed out that the direction of cultural construction in modern China should adhere to the Chinese-centric position and opposed Chen Xujing's all-out Westernization theory.Despite certain theoretical limitations,his cultural theory and cultural construction plan still have important reference significance for contemporary China.