古代文论的“学科”性质与语言复古论

The"Disciplinarity"of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory and Linguistic Retro Theory

要中国古代没有系统的“文论”之说,“文论”是近代西方学科理论引入中国在学术上的概念反映,现代“七科”对传统中国知识体系进行重新分类产生“文学”进而产生“文论”。中国古代文论“史”的形态是由陈钟凡开创,由郭绍虞、罗根泽以及朱东润三人各自通过写作实践完成的,后人在他们的基础上又有补充、整合、完善,但形态上没有根本突破。中国古代文论“论”的形态包括传统的文献考证,术语、概念的释训,但主要则是用现代文学观念和科学方法对中国古代文论进行现代阐释、定性、比较、分析等,也即“理论”的形态,其中方孝岳、朱自清、傅庚生的贡献非常大。中国古代文论的根本在于“古”,今天的转化和重建其实是把“古”变为“今”从而失去了本性。中国文学理论建设应该复活古代文论表述的古代形态,把被中断的古代文论原形态续接起来。古代文论研究的语言“复古”其根本是用古代文论的术语、概念、范畴和话语方式来言说文学,不仅言说古代文学,也言说现代文学与西方文学。语言复古让中国古代文论成为应用形态,但不是否定现代文论的主体地位,而是让中国古代文论成为中国文论的一种有效方式,补充和丰富我们的文学研究与文学批评。

There was no systematic"literary theory"in ancient China."Literary theory"is an academic concept reflecting of modern Western disciplines introduced into China.The modern""seven disciplines"reclassified the traditional Chinese knowledge system to produce""literature"and thus"literary theory".The form of"history"in ancient Chinese literary theory was created by Chen Zhongfan and completed by Guo Shaoyu,Luo Genze,and Zhu Dongrun through their respective writing practices.Later generations supplemented,integrated,and improved on their basis,but there was no fundamental breakthrough in form.The form of"theory"in ancient Chinese literary theory certainly includes traditional literature research,interpretation and training of terms and concepts,but mainly uses modern literary concepts and scientific methods to interpret,position,determine the nature,compare,analyze,summarize,synthesize,and evaluate ancient Chinese literary theory,that is,the form of"theory",Among them,Fang Xiaoyue,Zhu Ziqing,and Fu Gengsheng have made great contributions.The fundamental essence of ancient Chinese literary theory lies in"antiquity",and today's transformation and reconstruction actually transform"antiquity"into"modernity",thus losing its essence.The construction of Chinese literary theory should revive the ancient form of expression in ancient literary theory,and continue the original form of ancient literary theory that was interrupted by the May Fourth Movement.The language"retro"in the study of ancient literary theory fundamentally uses the terms,concepts,categories,and discourse methods of ancient literary theory to describe literature.It not only discusses ancient literature,but also modern literature and Western literature.The restoration of language has made ancient Chinese literary theory an applied form,but it does not negate the subjectivity of modern literary theory,but rather makes ancient Chinese literary theory an effective way to supplement and enrich our literary research and criticism.