东盟国家新能源汽车产业发展的政策措施与路径

Policy Measures and Paths for the Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry in ASEAN Countries

新能源汽车作为交通运输领域发展“绿色化”的重要解决方案之一,在东亚、北美及欧洲等多个国家及地区得到大力发展。其中,东盟国家为实现节能减排、满足市场环保需求、弥补汽车产业链短板等目的,有计划地推进新能源汽车产业建设。其主要举措包括:推行双向政策目标,构筑产业方向蓝图;调节供需税收水平,激活产销潜在势能;建设基础设施网络,打造使用生态场景;加大投资政策倾斜,扶持本土产业转型等。在通过“差异化”引资优惠政策实现外资与本土合作转化的基础上,充分发挥自身资源禀赋优势发展电池核心产业,积极鼓励产业链多环节共同发展,东盟国家已初步搭建起新能源汽车产业框架,产业链建设取得一定成效。但由于起步较晚,政策反馈滞后,东盟国家新能源汽车产业发展进程受到一些制约;加上工业基础薄弱与创新资源匮乏,使其难以摆脱“低端锁定”困境;补贴退坡后,消费惯性与产品认知模糊也给当地新能源汽车可持续发展带来巨大挑战。因此,在已有政策基础上,东盟国家可参考他国成功经验,充分发挥自身比较优势吸引区域内投资,采取一系列有效措施,推动新能源汽车产业规模化发展。

As one of the important solutions for energy conservation and sustainable development,new energy vehicles are developing rapidly in East Asia,North America,Europe and other regions.At the same time,in order to meet market demands for environmental protection and make up for the shortcomings of the industrial chain,ASEAN has planned to promote the new energy vehicle industry.Its measures include promoting dual-level goals and building an industrial blueprint;adjusting supply and demand through tax levels and activating the potential of production and sales;building an infrastructure network and creating an ecosystem;issuing differentiated investment policies and supporting local enterprises.On this basis,ASEAN has fully utilized its comparative advantages and issued differentiated investment policies to attract foreign investment and promote cooperation with local enterprises to develop the battery industry,actively encourages the common development of multiple links in the industrial chain,and ASEAN countries have preliminarily established a new energy vehicle industry framework,achieving certain effects in the construction of the industrial chain.But there are some problems,such as late start,delayed policy feedback,and insufficient policies.Additionally,the weak industrial foundation and scarcity of innovative resources make it difficult to break free from the“low-end lock-in”dilemma.After the phase-out of subsidies,consumer inertia and vague product recognition also pose great challenges to the sustainable development of local new energy vehicles.To solve the problem,ASEAN can refer to the successful experiences of other countries,give full play to its comparative advantages to attract investment,and take a series of measures to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry.