“回首”的诗学:杜诗中的“回首”事象及诗境建构

Poetics of“Hui Shou”:The Allusive-Imagery of“Hui Shou”in DU Fu’s Poetry And Its Poetical Mood Construction

“回首”是兼具动态感和叙事性的诗歌事象。在诗歌史脉络中,杜甫在继承唐前诗歌将“回首”用于离别、恋阙语境的抒情传统的同时,对其诗意内涵和诗境塑造作出开拓性贡献。杜甫将“回首”事象纳入“事切”“理切”的事态组合中,营造了多样化的恋阙事境,从而使“回首长安”的恋阙情结被拓展为对国家、时代饱含理性的思索和审视。杜甫充分发掘了“回首”事象所蕴含的时空交互特质,赋予“回首”以时间意义,将个人与国家的记忆绾结起来,使“回首”由表行为动作的事象演变为带有时间性的回忆过程。杜甫对“回首”诗境的塑造,典型地体现了“篇终接混茫”的诗歌气象,构成其“老儒”“腐儒”形象的角色要素。

“Hui shou”,namely“looking back”,is a typical allusive-imagery with actions and narrative,to which DU Fu showed a special attention in Chinese poetry history.While he inherited the lyrical tradition of using“looking back”in the context of farewell and attachment to the monarch in pre Tang,he made pioneer-ing contributions to shaping its poetic connotation.For one thing,DU Fu incorporated the phenomenon of“looking back”into the combination of“matter-cut”and“reason-cut”,creating a diversified context of love affair,thus making the“looking back to Chang’an”being expanded into a rational contemplation and scrutiny of the country and the times.Secondly,DU Fu fully explores the interactive quality of time and space con-tained in the phenomenon of“looking back”and gives it a temporal meaning,linking the memories of the indi-vidual with those of the country,so that“looking back”evolves from a phenomenon of behavioural action to a process of recollection with a temporal dimension.DU Fu’s portrayal of“looking back”typically reflects his poetic atmosphere of“ending with lingering scene”,which constitutes the role elements of his image as an“elder Confucian”and“pedantic Confucian”.