围栏社会生态治理现代化的困境与突围路径

The Dilemma and Breakthrough Path of the EcologicalGovernance Modernization in Fenced Society

在中国式现代化进程中,生态文明建设和生态环境治理问题意义重大,关系到国家重大战略目标的达成。草原生态环境在整个生态系统中占据特殊且重要的位置,保护和治理好草原生态环境,是国家生态文明建设的重点内容,也是民族地区绿色转型和乡村振兴的重要任务。改革开放后,草原牧区基于草场和畜牧双承包经营制度而出现由牧户用铁丝网建起一个个围栏并在其中生产生活的格局,围栏社会由此逐渐兴起。围栏社会生产生活方式的变迁,带来草原生态环境新变化,对草原生态治理提出新要求。在围栏社会基础上推进生态治理现代化,需探索构建草原生态环境共治机制,突破私地困境,构筑起牧区生态环境与经济社会协调发展、人与自然和谐共生的“大环保”格局。

In the process of Chinese-style modernization,the construction of ecological civilization and the governance of ecological environment are of great significance,which is related to the achievement of our major national strategic goals.Grassland ecological environment occupies a special and important position in the entire ecosystem.To do a good job in the protection and governance of grassland ecological environment is a key content of the construction of the national ecological civilization,and also an important task for the green transformation and rural revitalization of the ethnic regions.After the reform and opening-up,there appeared a pattern in which herdsmen built one fence after another with wire meshes in the pastoral areas,living and carrying out production activities inside,as fenced society was gradually rising from the dual contract system of grassland and animal husbandry.The shift of the mode of social production and the lifestyle of herdsmen in fenced society brought about new changes in the grassland ecological environment,putting forward new requirements for grassland eco-environmental governance.To promote eco-environmental governance modernization on the basis of fenced society,we need to actively explore how to construct the co-governance mechanism in the grassland ecological environment,break through the dilemma of private land,and form the pattern of“big environmental protection”,in which eco-environment,economy and society are coordinatedly developed in pastoral areas,and humans and nature harmoniously coexist.