Stable stripe and vortex solitons in two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

We present a flexible manipulation and control of solitons via Bose-Einstein condensates.In the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and repulsive interactions within a harmonic potential,our investigation reveals the numerical local solutions within the system.By manipulating the strength of repulsive interactions and adjusting spin-orbit coupling while maintaining a zero-frequency rotation,diverse soliton structures emerge within the system.These include plane-wave solitons,two distinct types of stripe solitons,and odd petal solitons with both single and double layers.The stability of these solitons is intricately dependent on the varying strength of spin-orbit coupling.Specifically,stripe solitons can maintain a stable existence within regions characterized by enhanced spin-orbit coupling while petal solitons are unable to sustain a stable existence under similar conditions.When rotational frequency is introduced to the system,solitons undergo a transition from stripe solitons to a vortex array characterized by a sustained rotation.The rotational directions of clockwise and counterclockwise are non-equivalent owing to spin-orbit coupling.As a result,the properties of vortex solitons exhibit significant variation and are capable of maintaining a stable existence in the presence of repulsive interactions.