公共治理应用情感计算技术的权利风险及其规制

The Rights Risks of Using Affective Computing Technology in Public Governance and Their Regulation

作为智能计算技术前沿的情感计算,目前已经在边境检查、案件侦查、犯罪评估、舆情管理和交通管理等公共治理领域得到了具体应用。然而,情感计算的社会治理应用仍然存在未能与现代公共治理基本要求相匹配的公共风险,这些风险从根源上产生于情感计算的技术特征。情感计算的情感信号化技术特征使其在公共治理应用中存在减损知情同意权、去治理化和动摇人的尊严的问题,引发社会性的权利焦虑。情感计算的情感模型化特征使其在公共治理应用中存在算法精准度不足、算法歧视与算法黑箱的权利风险。为了在公共治理应用情感计算的过程中规避相关风险,应当采取将动态同意模式作为情感计算在公共治理中应用的前提,以及对情感计算在公共治理中的辅助性应用进行分层级规制的规制路径,实现情感计算技术应用与公民权利保护和公共伦理维系的均衡。

As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public governance.However,there are still public risks associated with its failure to meet the basic requirements of modern public governance,and these risks are rooted in its technical characteristics.The technological characteristic of turning emotions into signals can give rise to such problems as degrading the right to informed consent,de-governance,and undermining human dignity when applied in public governance,and consequently can lead to social rights anxiety.Additionally,the affective modeling characteristics of affective computing tend to incur the risks of insufficient algorithm accuracy,algorithmic discrimination,and the algorithmic black box.To avoid these risks,it is necessary to adopt the dynamic consent model as the premise for applying affective computing in public governance,and to regulate the auxiliary application of affective computing in public governance in a hierarchical manner,to achieve a balance between the application of affective computing technology and the protection of citizens'rights and the maintenance of public ethics.