创业榜样如何影响公司内部创业--基于全球创业观察等国际数据库的跨国研究

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Role Models on Corporate Intrapreneurship:An Crossnational Study Based on International Databases such as Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

公司内部创业活动是组织可持续发展的重要影响因素,有助于企业更好地应对动态、复杂、多变的环境。基于社会学习理论,本研究整合全球创业观察、世界银行企业调查数据库、世界经济论坛全球竞争力报告和世界价值观调查数据库,探究创业榜样影响公司内部创业活动的过程机制。研究发现:1.关系型创业榜样和公众型创业榜样均对公司内部创业活动具有显著的正向影响,且关系型创业榜样的正向影响强于公众型创业榜样。2.创业自我效能感和创业机会感知在创业榜样与公司内部创业活动关系间起部分中介作用。3.性别能够调节关系型创业榜样和公司内部创业活动之间的关系,且调节作用完全通过创业机会感知起作用。本研究拓展了社会学习理论关于榜样的研究,并分别聚焦关系型创业榜样和公众型创业榜样,分析二者对员工开展公司内部创业活动的不同促进作用,为理解公司内部创业活动的动因提供了新的研究视角。此外,本研究通过检验创业自我效能感和创业机会感知的中介作用及性别的有中介的调节作用,解释了创业榜样影响员工开展公司内部创业活动的过程逻辑,打开了创业榜样影响公司内部创业活动的机制“黑箱”,进一步推进了现有关于公司内部创业活动的研究。

Intrapreneurship is a strategic endeavor undertaken by companies to cultivate new businesses within their organization,facilitating a balance between management efficiency and the necessity for flexible innovation.This approach empowers employees to engage in bottom-up entrepreneurial efforts,enhancing organizational innovation and optimizing management practices.By delegating authority to employees and fostering sub-unit structures for new objectives,intrapreneurship promotes the flow and alignment of corporate resources.This entrepreneurial model has proven instrumental for large enterprises in fostering internal iterative innovation,accumulating disruptive value,and securing competitive advantages.The presence of entrepreneurial role models provides employees with unique perspectives and methodologies derived from observing and emulating successful experiences.Employees learn from these models’behavioral patterns,strategies for addressing challenges,and innovative approaches,enabling them to better identify and leverage business opportunities embedded in their routine activities.Through this process,entrepreneurial role models facilitate employees’understanding of the risks and rewards associated with entrepreneurial endeavors,encouraging them to undertake innovative actions within the organization,thereby gradually cultivating a corporate culture of active exploration and continuous innovation.Based on social learning theory,this study examines the impact of entrepreneurial role models on intrapreneurship activities within companies and explores the underlying mechanisms.This research addresses three main questions:First,what impact do entrepreneurial role models have on intrapreneurship activities within companies,and do different types of role models produce variations in these activities?Second,following the logical progression from“Entrepreneurial Role Models→Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition→Intrapreneurial Behavior,”this study investigates the process through which entrepreneurial role models influence intrapreneurship activities.Third,from a gender perspective,how do entrepreneurial role models differentially impact intrapreneurship activities?The findings indicate that:First,entrepreneurial role models significantly promote individual intrapreneurial behaviors,with relational role models having a stronger effect than public ones.Second,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition partially mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial role models and intrapreneurship.Employees with higher self-efficacy and sharper opportunity recognition are more likely to engage in intrapreneurial activities.Third,gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between relational entrepreneurial role models and intrapreneurship,particularly through entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.When individuals assess entrepreneurial opportunities,gender may influence how they process information from relational role models,with women,compared to men,being more likely to enhance their perception of entrepreneurial opportunities,thereby increasing their likelihood of participating in intrapreneurship activities.The theoretical and practical implications of this study are significant.Theoretically,this research extends the application of social learning theory in the field of entrepreneurship and introduces a novel classification method for entrepreneurial role models based on interaction frequency.It also addresses the previous literature's shortcomings in considering the influence of sociocultural factors on entrepreneurial behavior,particularly highlighting how public role models as sociocultural phenomena encourage entrepreneurial behavior in society.Furthermore,by revealing the mediating roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition,the study deepens understanding of the psychological mechanisms through which entrepreneurial role models foster intrapreneurship.It demonstrates how these role models enhance employees’internal beliefs and perception of external opportunities,driving entrepreneurial behavior.Additionally,by incorporating the gender variable into the study of corporate intrapreneurship,this research aids in understanding how gender shapes individuals’perception of entrepreneurial opportunities,contributing to a deeper comprehension of gender's impact on the entrepreneurial process.Practically,this study provides managerial insights on how to maximize the influence of entrepreneurial role models on promoting intrapreneurship within companies.First,in terms of government policy design,there is a need to further cultivate sociocultural norms and values that support entrepreneurial activities.Enhancing interactions between prominent entrepreneurs and the public and facilitating exchanges with other businesses can expand the exposure of entrepreneurial role models.Second,corporate leaders should actively promote the development of new business ventures and technological innovations,as well as updates to management models.When leaders consistently undertake organizational transformations,they convey a corporate entrepreneurial value that encourages the active exploration of new opportunities.Third,in organizational structure design,companies can establish independent entrepreneurial teams or departments to utilize the exemplary effects of outstanding internal entrepreneurial teams,encouraging employees to undertake entrepreneurial endeavors within the organization.Fourth,given the unique advantages women have in perceiving entrepreneurial opportunities under the inf luence of entrepreneurial role models,companies could specifically develop training and development programs for women,better supporting their involvement in corporate intrapreneurship activities.