基于第四次全国中药资源普查大数据的吉林省药用植物生物多样性分析

Medicinal plant biodiversity in Jilin province based on big data of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources

利用Origin2022pro、PAST4.09、GraphPad和ArcGIS等软件,从资源数量差异、分类群差异、科属差异、地域性差异、时空性差异5个维度,分析吉林省第四次全国中药资源普查大数据,充分阐明吉林省药用植物的生物多样性。该文研究表明吉林省现有药用植物2241种,隶属于243科881属,有20个优势科、3个优势属。东部山区有药用植物1901种,隶属于227科778属;中部山区半山区有1503种,隶属于225科690属;西部平原区有811种,隶属136科436属。吉林省药用植物生物多样性丰富,主要呈现东高西低走势,资源分布热点区域主要集中在东部山区,区域间药用植物类群的数量优势具有显著性差异,西部>中部>东部,类群种类丰富度大小为东部>西部>中部,中部地区的物种多样性结构与东部、西部地区均具有一定的相似性,而西部和东部地区间物种多样性结构差异较大。第四次与第三次全国中药资源普查相对比,物种数量增加了1417种、减少了580种、共有824种,说明吉林省药用植物的生物多样性变化显著,其变化原因需深入探讨。该文阐明了吉林省药用植物资源本底与生物多样性变化情况,为我省中药资源的保护利用和产业发展奠定了基础。

Using Origin2022Pro,PAST4.09,GraphPad,and ArcGIS,this study analyzed the big data of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province from five dimensions:differences in resource quantity,taxonomic group,family,and genus,regional distribution,and spatiotemporal distribution,aiming to fully elucidate the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province.The results indicated that 2241 species of medicinal plants existed in Jilin province,belonging to 881 genera of 243 families,with 20 dominant families and 3 dominant genera.There were 1901 species of medicinal plants(belonging to 778 genera of 227 families)in the eastern mountainous region,1503 species(belonging to 690 genera of 225 families)in the mid-mountainous areas of the central mountainous region,and 811 species(belonging to 436 genera of 136 families)in the western plain region.The biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province was high and presented a trend of high in the east and low in the west.The medicinal plant resources were mainly concentrated in the eastern mountainous region,and the number of medicinal plant groups had significant diffe-rences between regions,following the trend of western region>central region>eastern region.The species richness was in the order of eastern region>western region>central region.The species diversity structure in the central region was similar to that in the eastern and western regions,while it was significantly different between the western and eastern regions.Compared with the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,the fourth survey showed an increase of 1417 species,a decrease of 580 species,and 824 common species,indicating significant changes in the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Jilin province.The reasons for these changes need to be further explored.This article elucidates the background and biodiversity changes of medicinal plant resources in Jilin province,laying a foundation for the protection,utilization,and industrial development of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Jilin province.