《平定西藏碑文》考

On the Inscription for Pacifying Xizang

《平定西藏碑文》是由清圣祖爱新觉罗·玄烨撰写于康熙六十年,所载主要内容是公元1717年驻于新疆的蒙古准噶尔部兵马侵犯西藏后残杀人民,掠夺财物,毁坏寺院,使得整个西藏陷入战乱之时,清政府两次派兵西藏,驱逐准噶尔部兵平息西藏之乱的历史功绩。文章在解读这一碑文的基础上,结合《西藏简明通史精编本》《颇罗鼎传》《第五世达赖自传》《道次师承传》《清实录藏族史料》等相关文献资料,对该碑文进行了研究,并提出了以下观点:一是清王朝与格鲁派高层人物之间建立施主关系以来,通过双方的努力逐步实现了历代清朝皇帝“以佛法治人心”的治国思想和格鲁派高层人物的“依君主传佛法”的传教思想;二是通过平定西藏的准噶尔之乱来看,当时的西藏人民对准噶尔部兵马卑鄙可恶的行为非常忿恨,高度崇敬清朝皇帝,坚决拥护清政府的指示:三是清朝政府两次派兵平定西藏的准噶尔之乱,显示出清政府是对西藏实施着直接有效的统治;四是平息西藏的准噶尔之乱是在清康熙帝亲自策划和指挥下赢得的历史性胜利,且由康熙皇帝亲自撰写成诏谕文书。认为,这一御制碑文是显现清代西藏真实历史的一面镜子,具有很高的历史价值、文献价值和文物价值。

The Inscription for Pacifying Xizang was written by Qing Emperor Qianlong.When the Jungar tribe settle in Xinjiang attacked Xizang in 1717,caused mass death,rubbering,destroying monasteries,and raping women,Qing Dynasty sent troupes two time,drove the Jungar out of Xizang,and pacified Xizang.This article,based on the academic research on the General History of Tibet,Biography of Pholhanai,Autobiography of the 5th Dalai Lama,Biography of Lamrim Lama Gyupa,Tibetan History in Qing Dynasty,displays several perspectives of your author,namely,first of all,since the establishment of a relation of priest and lord with the high-ranking masters of Gelukpa during the Huang Taiji's time,the successive emperors supported Gelukpa,secured the national unity and safety of the frontier,the high-ranking masters of Gelukpa enhanced the Buddhism with the political support of the emperors.Secondly,Tibetans at the time hated the brutal behaviours of the Jungar,and highly respected the Qing emperors,which can be seen from the putting down the Jungar rebellion.Thirdly,the action that the Qing government sent two times of troops to Xizang demonstrates that the Qing government directly rules Xizang.Fourthly,pacifying Xizang is a tremendous victory designed and guided by Qing emperor Kangxi,and the inscription was written by Kangxi,which bears important values in history and documentation.