史学史研究的传承、变化和路径:中外比较的视角

Tradition and Transformation in the History of Historiography:A Comparative Perspective

从中外比较的视野考察,最早的史学史论著见于传统中国,其研究重点之一是历史书写的体裁和路径。刘知幾的《史通》即一例。同时,对历史书籍的归类整理,也蔚为传统。16世纪法兰西史家让·博丹和朗瑟罗·拉·波佩利尼埃尔的著作呈现相似的兴趣,并成为欧洲史学史研究的先驱作品。自20世纪初开始,史学史的研究在欧美卓然成家,成为思想史的一个重要分支。但之后产生了明显的变化,巴特费尔德《历史的辉格解释》所引入的批判视角和伊格尔斯《欧洲史学新方向》所倡导的“内外结合”的路径,为其主要标志。总之,史学史研究路径的不断更新、变化,不仅显示这一学科的蓬勃生机,而且为其指向了一个多元发展的未来。

Taking a comparative view of historiographical studies,the earliest treatises on the history of historiography can be traced back to traditional China,where a key focus was on the genres and trajectories of historical writing,exemplified by Liu Zhiji's Shitong(Generality of historiography).Concurrently,the categorization and organization of historical texts also became entrenched as tradition.Works by 16th-century French historians Jean Bodin and Lancelot La Popelliniere demonstrated similar interests and served as pioneering contributions to the study of historiography in Europe.By the early 2Oth century,historiographical studies had evolved into a subfield in Euro-America,integrated within the broader study of intellectual history.Significant changes ensued,marked by the critical approach introduced in Butterfield's The Whig Interpretation of History and the sociological perspective advocated by Iggers in New Directions in European Historiography.In essence,ongoing updates and changes in the evaluation of genres and methodologies of historical writing not only highlight the vitality of historiographical studies but also illuminate its multifaceted future trajectories.