注意力缺陷多动障碍的神经影像学研究进展

Research Progress of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging

注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在学龄期儿童中较为常见,常以与年龄不相符的注意力不集中、日常过度活动和情绪冲动为特征,虽智力正常或接近正常,但给患儿的日常生活以及学习带来较多困难。近年来,ADHD的神经影像学研究发展迅速,如定量磁敏感成像(QSM)、扩散磁共振(dMRI)、合成磁共振(SyMRI)、动脉自旋标记(ASL)、磁共振波谱(MRS)、静息态磁共振(rs-fMRI)等技术可以为ADHD疾病的诊断提供影像学标志物。本文旨在对ADHD的神经影像学研究进行综述,探究ADHD患者潜在的神经病理学机制,帮助临床医生进行早期诊断、及时干预,以及判断患儿的预后情况。

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is more common in school-age children,often characterized by age-inappropriate inattention,daily excessive activities and emotional impulses,although the intelligence is normal or close to normal,but it brings more difficulties to the child’s daily life and learning.In recent years,neuroimaging studies of ADHD have developed rapidly,and techniques such as quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging(QSM),diffusion magnetic resonance(dMRI),synthetic magnetic resonance(SyMRI),arterial spin labeling(ASL),magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS),and resting-state magnetic resonance(rs-fMRI)can provide imaging markers for the diagnosis of ADHD disease.The purpose of this article is to review the neuroimaging studies of ADHD,to explore the underlying neuropathological mechanisms in patients with ADHD,to help clinicians make early diagnosis,timely intervention,and to determine the prognosis of children with ADHD.