技能工人参与技术创新的双重行动及其逻辑——基于近代中国印刷技术演变的社会学分析

The Dual Action of Skilled Workers' Participation in Technological Innovation and Its Logic: A Sociological Analysis of the Evolution of Printing Technology in Modern China

现实的技术创新过程是一个链条,技能工人与新技术的融合程度是影响技术应用效果的关键变量。在技术创新进程中,技能工人正向支撑作用的发挥是需要一定社会条件的。回溯近代中国印刷技术创新的历史进程可以发现,技术创新衍生的技术红利惠及掌握新技能的印刷工人,激励他们拥抱和参与技术创新。但新技术也改变了原有生产体系中的技能结构,引发工作岗位变动和劳动过程重组。对个人技能失效的担忧以及对新技术应用后果不确定性的焦虑,又促使他们选择反向的抗争行动。如何通过非市场性制度安排推进技术创新与技能工人之间的相容,是未来中国产业升级需要正视的重要问题。

The real technological innovation process is a chain, and the degree of integration between skilled workers and new technologies is a key variable affecting the effect of technology application. In the process of technological innovation, the fulfillment of the positive support function of skilled workers requires social conditions. By tracing back the historical process of printing technological innovation in modern China, it is found that the technological dividend derived from technological innovation has benefited printing workers with new skills, which motivates them to embrace and participate in technological innovation. The new technology also changed the skill structure of the original production system, triggering changes in jobs and reorganization of the labor process. Concerns about the failure of skills, as well as anxiety about the uncertainty of the consequences of the application of technology, pushed them to choose the opposite of resistance actions. Promoting the compatibility between technological innovation and skilled workers through non-market institutional arrangements is an important issue that needs to be confronted in the process of China's industrial upgrading in the future.