数字技术跃迁与企业全要素生产率——从自动化到智能化的比较分析

The Transition of Digital Technology and the Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises:A Comparative Analysis from Automation to Intelligence

本文在利用文本分析法从微观企业层面测度自动化、智能化水平的基础上,理论分析并实证检验了自动化、智能化对企业全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,自动化、智能化均能显著提升企业全要素生产率,但智能化的提升作用相对更大。自动化主要通过替代效应和“干中学”效应推动企业全要素生产率提高,智能化主要通过替代效应、互补效应、“干中学”效应与“用中学”效应推动企业全要素生产率提高。自动化、智能化在国有企业与非国有企业,以及在不同行业的企业中,对全要素生产率的作用具有差异性。本研究为新时代中国利用自动化向智能化的技术跃迁,加快形成新质生产力,推动经济高质量发展提供了理论参考与经验证据。

Based on the measurement of automation and intelligence level from the micro enterprise level by using text analysis method,this paper theoretically analyzes and empirically tests the impact and mechanism of automation and intelligence on enterprise total factor productivity.The research shows that automation and intelligence can significantly improve the total factor productivity of enterprises,but the improvement effect of intelligence is relatively greater.Automation mainly promotes the improvement of enterprise total factor productivity through the substitution effect and"learning by doing"effect,and intelligence mainly promotes the improvement of enterprise total factor productivity through the substitution effect,complementary effect,"learning by doing"effect and"learning by using"effect.In addition,the effects of automation and intelligence on enterprise total factor productivity in state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises,as well as in different industries,are different.This study provides theoretical reference and empirical evidence for China to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity and promote high-quality economic development by using the means of technological transition from automation to intelligence in the new era.