马克思生息资本思想的当代剖析

A Contemporary Analysis of Marx's Thought on Interest-Bearing Capital

马克思生息资本思想需要进一步澄明。在表面上,生息资本仿佛不需要做任何事就能从产业资本处得到利息,但其真正运动是分割产业资本剥削到的剩余价值。无产阶级的剩余劳动构成利息的真正源泉。源于既一致又对立的利益,生息资本同产业资本既合作又斗争,构成工业资本主义体系的重要环节,展现了产业资本主导的权力架构。生息资本在特殊运动过程中呈现出拜物教性、疯狂性,亦蕴含一定的社会性。生息资本突出的拜物教性,由物性与神秘性两大向度结合而成。生息资本运动的外部表象脱离其内在实质,撇开所有中介环节与过程,直接从G到G',从而成为物神。此种物神形态必然使资产阶级及其代言人形成物神观念。物神形态与物神观念相互强化,确立起强烈的拜物教。生息资本拜物教的形成,意味着资本拜物教的极致化和最终完成。它使人错误理解资本的典型形态与资本主义生产的总体结构,掩盖资本主义的剥削,削弱反抗和变革意识。马克思以本质—现象透视法、关系性思维、矛盾分析法与历史性思维,注重穿透表象尤其假象,洞见深层本质,并依据真实本质反思虚假现象,根本性地澄明了生息资本,为在新的时代条件下科学理解进而妥善处理生息资本及其发展形式,提供了有力的思想基础。

Marx's theory of interest-bearing capital needs further clarification.Interest-bearing capital is the capital that the owner of money lends to the functioning capitalist for use,and obtains interest at a certain interest rate.On the surface,it seems that interest-bearing capital can obtain interest from industrial capital without having to do anything.However,its true movement is to divide the surplus-value exploited by industrial capital.The surplus-labor of the proletariat constitutes the true source of interest.Stemming from both consistent and opposing interests,interest-bearing capital both cooperates and struggles with industrial capital,forming an important link in the capitalist system and shows the power structure dominated by industrial capital.Interest-bearing capital reveals fetishism and madness in its particular movement process,and also contains certain social character.The prominent fetishism of interest-bearing capital is formed by the combination of the material nature and mystification.The external appearance of the movement of interest-bearing capital departs from its internal essence,bypassing all intervening links and processes,directly from G to G',thus becoming a fetish.This fetish form inevitably leads the bourgeoisie and its spokespersons to form the conception of fetish.The fetish form and the fetish conception reinforce each other,establishing a strong fetishism.The formation of the fetishism of interest-bearing capital signifies the extreme and ultimate completion of capital fetishism.It leads to a mistaken understanding of the typical form of capital and the overall structure of capitalist production,concealing capitalist exploitation and weakening the consciousness of resistance and revolution.Marx deeply dissected interest-bearing capital using the method of essence-phenomenon perspective,relational thinking,contradiction analysis and historical thinking,focusing on penetrating the surface,especially the llusion,to see its deep essence.Based on the true essence to reflect on false appearance,Mark's theory clarifies interest-bearing capital fundamentally.Marx's theory of interest-bearing capital provides a powerful ideological foundation for scientifically understanding and properly handling interest-bearing capital and its development forms under new conditions.