武人、省长与绅商:韩国钧与多方互动下的上海建市历程

Warlords,Provincial Governor,and Gentry Merchants:The Process of Establishing Shanghai Municipality under the Multifaceted Interaction of Han Guo-jun and Various Parties

作为近代中国第一个直属于中央政府的建制市,上海建市历程复杂异常,不仅与源自域外的市政模范、本地发起的自治运动有关,更与20世纪20年代江浙一带军阀混战的政局和所隶之江苏省政府乃至中央政府的态度密切相联。清末民初上海建市曾几经挫折,但上海民众的自治热情始终没有冷却,说明上海建市顺应中国城市近代化建设的内在需要,而两任江苏省最高长官的韩国钧,则在历史的关键时刻推动了上海华界由县到市这一巨大转变。1925年1月底,韩国钧为防止上海再度沦为军阀混战的战场,挽救苏浙沪民众于战火,顺应段祺瑞执政府意图,指导李平书等人建立“淞沪特别市”,推出了以现代市政机关管理上海的方案。1925年2月1日上海特别市筹备会第一次会议在上海市公所召开,公推李平书为主席,并议定特别市之组织、区域等问题。在国民大革命期间,中国共产党领导的革命进步力量承续自治精神,为设立民选的市政府奔走呼号,流血牺牲,为上海建市做出了巨大贡献,这一历史功绩亦不容忽视。

As the first municipality directly under the central government in modern China,Shanghai's municipality was exceptionally complex in its establishment.This process was intricately connected not only with foreign municipal models and local autonomy movements but also with the political turmoil among warlords in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang area during the 1920s and the attitudes of the Jiangsu provincial government and the central government.Despite several setbacks in the late Qing and early Republican periods,the enthusiasm of Shanghai residents for self-governance never waned,demonstrating that the establishment of the municipality aligned with the inherent needs of China's urban modernization.Han Guo-jun,who served two terms as the highest official of Jiangsu Province,played a pivotal role during critical moments in transforming Shanghai from a traditional county to a modern municipality.At the end of January 1925,to prevent Shanghai from becoming a battlefield for warlords once again and to save the people of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Shanghai from the ravages of war,Han Guojun,following the intentions of Duan Qi-rui's central government,guided Li Ping-shu and others in establishing the"Special Municipality of Songhu",proposing a plan to manage Shanghai with modern municipal institutions.The first meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Shanghai Special Municipality was held on February 1,1925,at the Shanghai City Office,where Li Ping-shu was unanimously elected as chairman,and the organization and boundaries of the special municipality were discussed.During the National Revolutionary period,the revolutionary progressive forces led by the Communist Party of China carried on the spirit of autonomy,advocating for the establishment of an elected municipal government and making significant sacrifices,thereby contributing immensely to the establishment of Shanghai Municipality.This historical achievement must not be overlooked.