从合法性建构视角看古代中国政治传播的行为逻辑与效度

The Behavioral Logic and Validity of Political Communication in Ancient China from the Perspective of Legitimacy Construction

古代中国的政治传播实质上是一种以君权为轴心的统治合法性建构过程,其核心目标是使君主展演出合乎社会期待的“好皇帝”形象。其中合法性的观念原型是展演的剧本,以皇帝为轴心的统治集团是主要演员,受众则是分别处于国家剧场中心区的官僚士大夫以及边缘区的普通民众。统治者利用封闭的、独享话语权的传播体制,采取相应的传播策略与技艺,进行单向度、同质化的政治传播,能够在一定程度上影响和操控受众的情感与认同,取得一定的合法性建构效果,但是这种政治传播也必须接受事实和真相的检验与制约,要以既有的价值规范为基础。批判性地探讨古代中国政治传播的合法性建构模式,对丰富现代政治传播理论的经验意涵,理解“后真相时代”传播与真相的紧张关系等问题,或许具有一定借鉴和启示意义。

The political communication in ancient China was essentially a process of ruling legitimacy construction with the monarchical power with its core goal to make the monarch show conform to the social expectation of the"good emperor"image.Among them,the prototype of legitimacy served as the play,the monarch as the main actor.The audience was the bureaucrat in the center of the national theater and the ordinary people in the fringe area.By using the closed communication system with exclusive right of speech,and adopting corresponding communication strategies and techniques,the rulers could indeed influence and manipulate the audience's emotions and identity to a certain extent,and achieve certain legitimacy construction effects.However,this kind of political communication must also accept the test and restriction of facts and truth,and it must also be based on the existing value norms.This mode of explaining the legitimacy of political communication in ancient China might have certain reference and enlightenment significance for enriching the empirical implications of modern political communication theory and understanding the tension between communication and truth in the"post-truth era".