论生育价值的建构、解构与再建构

Construction,Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Fertility Value

生育行为是人们对当下生育价值判断的结果,生育价值的膨胀与收缩内生性地影响生育率的上升和下降。生育价值可以分为情感、安全、财富和礼俗等四种要素,传统社会这些价值处于高位,奠定了稳定高生育率的价值基础。工业革命以来的现代化进程,以横向和纵向两种方式不断解构生育价值,使生育率层层跌破替代生育率、陷阱生育率等临界点,以致新世纪以来人口负增长由点到面扩展、由浅入深加剧,酝酿人口发展的种种现实和潜在危机。新时期中国生育价值的再建构是保护和提升生育力的必要手段,可以从情感价值重点突破,倡导“为爱而生,以生养爱”的婚育价值观,辅以礼俗、财富和安全价值引导,庶几可以逐步挽回生育率颓势,实现长期生育率向替代水平复归。

Fertility behavior of people is the result of the fertility value they judge,so the rise and fall of fertility rate may reflect the expansion and contraction of fertility value accordingly.The fertility value contains four fundamental elements:emotions,security,wealth and rituals.All the four values were at high rank in traditional society which lay the concrete foundation for high fertility rates.The process of modernization since the Industrial Revolution has continuously deconstructed the value of fertility in both horizontal and vertical ways,causing the fertility rate to drop across the critical points of the replacement fertility rate and the trap fertility rate.From the beginning of the new century,the scale of intensifying negative growth rate had been expanding from city to region,from country to continent and brewing all kinds of real and potential crises in population development.The reconstruction of fertility values in China in the new era is indispensable to protecting and enhancing fertility.Given emotion value was not deconstructed so sharply compared with the others,hopefully it may be encouraged again to raise the fertility rate just as the saying goes"Parenting together,loving forever."Ritual,wealth and security values are also still worth trying to make U-turn from deconstruction,so as to gradually raise the fertility rate from bottom to the ideal level of replacement.